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RAREVIEW DYNAMIC FIXED INCOME ETF
Ticker Symbol:
RAREVIEW TAX ADVANTAGED INCOME ETF
Ticker Symbol:
RAREVIEW INFLATION/DEFLATION ETF
Ticker Symbol:
RAREVIEW SYSTEMATIC EQUITY ETF
Ticker Symbol:
each a series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust
PROSPECTUS
Investment Advisor
Rareview Capital LLC
1980 Festival Plaza Drive, Suite 300, Las Vegas, NV 89135
www.rareviewcapital.com
This Prospectus provides important information about the Funds that you should know before investing. Please read it carefully and keep it for future reference.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission have not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Principal U.S. Listing Exchange: Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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The Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF (the “Fund”) seeks total return with an emphasis on providing current income.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. Investors purchasing or selling shares of the Fund in the secondary market may be subject to costs (including customary brokerage commissions) charged by their broker. These costs are not included in the expense example below.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
| Management Fees | |
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |
| Other Expenses | |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(1) | |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
| (1) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example further assumes that the Fund’s operating expense limitation agreement will only be in place for the term specified above. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based upon these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over”
its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example,
affect the Fund’s performance. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, the Fund had a portfolio turnover rate of
The Fund is a “fund of funds” that seeks to achieve its investment objective principally through investments in unaffiliated closed-end funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in fixed income closed-end funds trading at a discount or premium to their underlying net asset value and that pay regular periodic cash distributions.
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Closed-end funds are investment companies registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that issue a fixed number of shares through an initial public offering, after which shares will typically be traded on an exchange such as the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) or the Nasdaq National Market System. Unlike open-end investment companies, shares of closed-end funds are not redeemable by the fund on a daily basis. A share in a closed-end fund represents an investment in the underlying assets held by the closed-end fund. A closed-end fund’s value increases or decreases due to various factors, including but not limited to general market conditions, the market’s confidence in the closed-end fund advisor’s ability to generate desired investment returns, and investor confidence in the closed-end fund’s underlying assets. The Adviser seeks to select closed-end funds for the Fund’s portfolio whose shares are trading at a discount or premium relative to their underlying net asset values (“NAV”). A closed-end fund’s shares that are traded on an exchange may be bought or sold at a market price that is lower or higher than the per-share value of the closed-end fund’s underlying assets; when this occurs, the shares are considered to be traded at a discount or premium, respectively. The Fund may generate income in the form of capital gains when the Fund sells shares of a closed-end fund whose shares the Fund initially purchased at discount and whose NAV has subsequently moved closer to the per-share value of its underlying assets. The Fund may also receive income generated from distributions from its holdings in closed-end funds, and may employ a dividend capture strategy in which the Fund purchases shares of a closed-end fund just prior to the ex-dividend date to capture the dividend distribution, then selling it after the dividend is paid.
The Adviser will use a top-down macro-focused analysis to select closed-end funds that best fit within custom asset classes created by the Adviser that seek to mimic broader fixed income investment classes. Examples of these asset classes include: (i) investment-grade corporate bonds; (ii) high-yield corporate bonds; (iii) municipal bonds; (iv) convertible bonds; (v) leveraged loans; (vi) mortgage-backed securities; (vii) emerging market fixed income securities; and (viii) aggregate fixed income securities. While the Fund may at times be invested in all of these asset classes, the Fund’s allocation to these asset classes may vary at the Adviser’s discretion, and the Fund is not required to invest in all of the asset classes. The Adviser uses a quantitative approach to measure the relative discounted value or premium of each closed-end fund within an asset class to seek the closed-end fund investments which the Adviser believes have the potential to generate the highest levels of after-tax income. The Adviser’s weighting of each asset class will be determined by the top-down macro model’s measure of relative risk levels and expected return.
Through its investments in closed-end funds that hold non-U.S. fixed income securities, the Fund may invest indirectly in foreign securities, including securities of issuers located in emerging markets. The Fund defines emerging markets as countries in the MSCI Emerging Market Index or that we consider to be emerging markets based on our evaluation of their level of economic development or the size and experience of their securities markets.
While the Fund will invest primarily in closed-end funds, the Fund may invest up to 30% of its assets in exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) that are representative of one of the Adviser’s custom asset classes if, in the Adviser’s discretion, the ETFs will provide a better investment opportunity or liquidity for the asset class. The Fund, and the closed-end funds in which the Fund invests, may invest in derivatives, including listed or over-the-counter index futures, options and swaps, for hedging purposes to mitigate interest rate, equity, credit, commodity, currency and volatility risks. The Fund may invest in cash and cash equivalents to offset leverage, credit, and interest rate exposure within the Fund’s holdings in closed-end funds.
The Adviser may sell or reduce the Fund’s position in a holding for a variety of reasons when appropriate and consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies, or when the holding no longer meets the Adviser’s investment selection criteria. Generally, the Fund will sell or reduce its position in a closed-end fund when its discount-to-NAV has reverted to or has moved significantly above its fair value, as determined by the Adviser. The Fund may also sell or reduce its positions when attempting to rebalance the distribution of Fund assets among asset classes in the interest of affecting the Fund’s relative risk levels and expected returns.
2
In managing the Fund’s portfolio, the Adviser will engage in frequent portfolio transactions, resulting in a higher portfolio turnover rate.
The following describes the risks the Fund bears with respect to its investments. As with any fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its goal.
Fixed Income Risk. Through its investments in other funds, the Fund may be subject to the risks of investing in fixed income securities. The prices of fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers. Fixed income securities are subject to the following risks:
| ● | Call Risk. The CEFs and ETFs (“Underlying Funds”) may invest in callable bonds. If interest rates fall, it is possible that issuers of callable securities will “call” (or prepay) their bonds before their maturity date. If a call were exercised by the issuer during or following a period of declining interest rates, the Underlying Fund is likely to have to replace such called security with a lower yielding security or securities with greater risks or other less favorable features. If that were to happen, it would decrease the Underlying Fund’s net investment income, resulting in a decline in the Fund’s income. |
| ● | Credit risk. The risk that an issuer or counterparty will fail to pay its obligations when they are due. As a result, the income from an investment might be reduced, the value of the investment might fall. Changes in the economic, social or political conditions that affect an issuer or counterparty, or type of security or other instrument can increase the risk of default by an issuer or counterparty, which can affect a security’s or other instrument’s credit quality or value and an issuer’s or counterparty’s ability or willingness to pay interest and principal when due. |
| ● | Duration Risk. Longer-term securities may be more sensitive to interest rate changes. Given the recent, historically low interest rates and the potential for increases in those rates, a heightened risk is posed by rising interest rates to a fund whose portfolios include longer-term fixed income securities. Duration is the measure of the sensitivity of a debt security to changes in market interest rates. For example, if interest rates increase by 1%, a fixed income security with a duration of two years will decrease in value by approximately 2%. |
| ● | Extension risk. The risk that if interest rates rise, repayments of principal on certain debt securities may occur at a slower rate than expected and the expected maturity of those securities could lengthen as a result. Securities that are subject to extension risk generally have a greater potential for loss when prevailing interest rates rise, which could cause their values to fall sharply. |
| ● | Interest rate risk. The risk that debt instruments will change in value (either positively or negatively) because of changes in interest rates. Generally, a fixed-income security will increase in value when prevailing interest rates fall and decrease in value when prevailing interest rates rise. Longer-term securities are generally more sensitive to interest rate changes than shorter-term securities, but they generally offer higher yields to compensate investors for the associated risks. |
Prepayment risk. The risk that the issuer of a debt security repays all or a portion of the principal prior to the security’s maturity therefore resulting in lower yields to shareholders of the Fund. The Fund may be unable to re-invest the proceeds in an investment with as great a yield.
3
Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed using proprietary investment strategies and processes. There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes will be successful.
Bank Loan Risk. Through its investments in other funds, the Fund may be subject to the risks associated with bank loans. Investments in secured and unsecured assignments of (or participations in) bank loans may create substantial risk. In making investments in such loans, which are made by banks or other financial intermediaries to borrowers, a fund will depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower (whose financial condition may be troubled or highly leveraged) for payment of principal and interest. When a fund is a participant in a loan, the fund has no direct claim on the loan and would be a creditor of the lender, and not the borrower, in the event of a borrower’s insolvency or default. Transactions involving floating rate loans have significantly longer settlement periods (e.g., longer than seven days) than more traditional investments and, as a result, sale proceeds related to the sale of loans may not be available to make additional investments until potentially a substantial period after the sale of the loans. In addition, loans are not registered under the federal securities laws like stocks and bonds, so investors in loans have less protection against improper practices than investors in registered securities.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Fund may hold cash or cash equivalents. Generally, such positions offer less potential for gain than other investments. Holding cash or cash equivalents, even strategically, may lead to missed investment opportunities. This is particularly true when the market for other investments in which a Fund may invest is rapidly rising. If a Fund holds cash uninvested it will be subject to the credit risk of the depositing institution holding the cash.
Closed-End Fund Risk. Closed-end funds involve investment risks different from those associated with other investment companies. Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at either a premium or discount relative to their NAV. When the Fund purchases shares of a closed-end fund at a discount to its NAV, there can be no assurance that the discount will decrease. In fact, it is possible that this market discount may increase and the Fund may suffer realized or unrealized capital losses due to further decline in the market price of the securities of such closed-end funds, thereby adversely affecting the NAV of the Fund’s shares. Similarly, there can be no assurance that any shares of a closed-end fund purchased by the Fund at a premium will continue to trade at a premium or that the premium will not decrease subsequent to a purchase of such shares by the Fund. Many closed-end funds also utilize leverage, which will expose the Fund to greater risk of significant changes in share prices of the closed-end funds’ share prices and will require payment of leverage interest or dividend expenses, reducing the closed-end fund’s overall return. Closed-end funds also expose the Fund to illiquidity risks because closed-end funds may have smaller market capitalizations than other exchange-traded investments. Closed-end funds that pay a dividend or distribution may reduce or eliminate such payments from time to time.
| ○ | Anti-Takeover Measures Risk. Certain closed-end funds may have provisions in their organizational documents intended to limit the ability of third parties to acquire control or change the composition of the closed-end fund’s board. This may discourage a third party from seeking to obtain control of the closed-end fund, which could limit the ability of closed-end fund shareholders to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices. |
Control of Underlying Fund Risk. Although the Fund and the Adviser will evaluate regularly each closed-end fund to determine whether its investment program is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser will not have any control over the investments made by a closed-end fund. The investment adviser to each closed-end fund may change aspects of its investment strategies at any time. The Adviser will not have the ability to control or otherwise influence the composition of the investment portfolio of a closed-end fund.
Convertible Bond Risk. Convertible securities are hybrid securities that have characteristics of both fixed income and equity securities and are subject to risks associated with both fixed income and equity securities.
4
Derivatives Risk. The Fund may be subject to the risks of investing in derivative securities. The value of a derivative security may not move as expected relative to the value of the relevant underlying assets, rates, or indices. Derivatives can be highly volatile and illiquid and may entail investment exposure greater than the total value of the derivatives’ underlying assets (their “notional amount”).
| ○ | Futures. Futures contracts markets are highly volatile and are influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Investing in futures usually exposes investors in a greater degree of leverage than other investments. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund. |
| ○ | Options. The market values of options may not always move in synch with the market value of the underlying securities. Specific market movements of an option and the instruments underlying an option cannot be predicted. The purchaser of an option is subject to the risk of losing the entire purchase price of the option if the option has not been sold or exercised prior to the option’s expiration date. |
| ○ | Swaps. Swaps are agreements to exchange cash flows. Swaps may be difficult to value and may be considered illiquid. Swaps create significant investment leverage such that a relatively small price movement in a swap may result in immediate and substantial loss. |
Dividend Risk. The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives depends in part upon the Adviser’s ability to anticipate the dividend policies of closed-end funds and the underlying companies in which such closed-end funds invest. When the Fund employs dividend capture strategies the Adviser is required to identify and exploit opportunities such as the announcement of major corporate actions, including restructuring initiatives or a special dividend, that may lead to a high level of current dividend income. These situations are typically not recurring in nature or frequency, may be difficult to predict, and may not result in an opportunity that allows the Adviser to fulfill the Fund’s investment objective. The use of dividend capture strategies will expose the Fund to increased trading costs and potential for capital loss or gain, particularly in the event of significant short-term price movements of investments subject to dividend capture trading.
Early Close/Trading Halt Risk. An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may prevent the Fund from buying or selling certain securities or financial instruments. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments and may incur substantial trading losses.
ETF Structure Risks. The Fund is structured as an ETF and as a result is subject to special risks, including:
| ● | Not Individually Redeemable. The Fund’s shares (“Shares”) are not redeemable by retail investors and may be redeemed only by Authorized Participants at net asset value (“NAV”) and only in Creation Units. A retail investor generally incurs brokerage costs when selling shares. |
| ● | No Guarantee of Active Trading Market. While Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will be maintained. Further, secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and APs may step away from making a market in the Shares and in executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation in the Fund’s market price from its NAV. |
5
| ● | Trading Issues. Trading in Shares on the CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”) may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable, such as extraordinary market volatility. There can be no assurance that Shares will continue to meet the listing requirements of the Exchange which may result in the Shares being delisted. An active trading market for the Shares may not be developed or maintained. If the Shares are traded outside a collateralized settlement system, the number of financial institutions that can act as Authorized Participants that can post collateral on an agency basis is limited, which may limit the market for the Shares. |
| ● | Market Price Variance Risk. The market prices of Shares will fluctuate in response to changes in NAV and supply and demand for Shares and will include a “bid-ask spread” charged by the exchange specialists, market makers or other participants that trade the Shares. There may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. This means that Shares may trade at a discount to NAV. |
| ● | In times of market stress, market makers may step away from their role market making in the Shares and in executing trades, which can lead to differences between the market value of the Shares and the Fund’s NAV. |
| ● | The market price of the Shares may deviate from the Fund’s NAV, particularly during times of market stress, with the result that investors may pay significantly more or significantly less the Shares than the Fund’s NAV, which is reflected in the bid and ask price for the Shares or in the closing price. |
| ● | In stressed market conditions, the market for the Shares may become less liquid in response to the deteriorating liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio. This adverse effect on the liquidity of the Shares may, in turn, lead to differences between the market value of the Shares and the Fund’s NAV. |
| ● | Authorized Participant Risk. Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund. The Fund has a limited number of institutions that may act as an Authorized Participant on an agency basis (i.e., on behalf of other market participants). To the extent that Authorized Participants exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem Creation Units, Fund shares may be more likely to trade at a premium or discount to net asset value and possibly face trading halts or delisting. Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened for securities or instruments that have lower trading volumes. |
Foreign Securities Risk. Through its investments in other funds, the Fund may be exposed to the risks of investment in foreign securities. Investments in foreign securities are subject to special risks above and beyond those normally associated with domestic securities. Due to economic, political, and social instabilities in foreign markets, foreign securities can be more volatile than domestic securities. The Fund’s investments in other funds may expose the Fund to the risks of investment in emerging market countries, which can involve higher degrees of risk as compared with developed economies.
High Yield Fixed Income Securities. Fixed income securities in a closed-end fund that are rated below investment grade (i.e., “high yield fixed income securities” or “junk bonds”) are subject to additional risk factors such as increased possibility of default liquidation of the security, and changes in value based on public perception of the issuer. High yield fixed income securities are considered primarily speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments.
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Illiquidity Risk. Certain of the Fund’s investments may not be readily sold at the desired time or price, and may be sold at a lower price or may not have a sufficient market to be sold at all. An inability to sell securities can adversely affect the value of the Fund or prevent the Fund from taking advantage of other investment opportunities. Also, an inability to sell securities may affect the Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests. In certain circumstances, it may be difficult for the Fund to purchase and sell particular portfolio investments in closed-end funds due to infrequent trading in such investments. The prices of such investments may experience significant volatility, make it more difficult for the Fund to transact significant amounts of such investments without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices, or make it difficult for the Adviser to dispose of such investments at a fair price or at the time the Adviser believes it is desirable to do so. Closed-end funds that are liquid investments may become illiquid or less liquid after purchase by the Fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil or economic uncertainty. Illiquid and relatively less liquid investments may be harder to value. The Fund is limited to investing only up to 15% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in illiquid securities.
Investments in Undervalued Securities. The Fund’s investment strategy includes investing in closed-end funds that are, in the Adviser’s opinion, undervalued based on their underlying assets. There is no assurance that the Adviser will successfully identify such investment opportunities. While investments in undervalued securities offer opportunities for above-average capital appreciation, these investments may involve a high level of risk, and may result in substantial losses.
Leverage Risk. Although the Fund will not itself employ leverage, the underlying holdings will often employ leverage, subject to investment company limits set forth by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed.
Management Style Risk. Different types of securities tend to shift into and out of favor with investors depending on market and economic conditions. The returns from the types of investments purchased by the Fund (e.g., closed-end funds which pay regular periodic cash distributions) may at times be better or worse than the returns from other types of funds. Each type of investment tends to go through cycles of performing better or worse than the market in general. The performance of the Fund may thus be better or worse than the performance of funds that focus on other types of investments, or that have a broader investment style.
Market and Geopolitical Risk. The increasing interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. Securities in the Funds’ portfolios may underperform due to inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics, terrorism, regulatory events and governmental or quasi-governmental actions. The occurrence of global events similar to those in recent years may result in market volatility and may have long term effects on both the U.S. and global financial markets. An outbreak of an infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 has negatively affected the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, including the United States, the financial health of consumers, borrowers, individual companies and the market in general in significant and unforeseen ways. The future impact of COVID-19 is currently unknown, and it may exacerbate other risks that apply to the Fund. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance, and the performance, liquidity, credit quality and financial underpinnings of the securities in which the Fund invests, and may lead to losses on your investment in the Fund.
Money Market Mutual Fund Risk. The Fund may invest in money market mutual funds in order to manage its cash component. An investment in a money market mutual fund is not insured or guaranteed by a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Although such funds seek to preserve the value of the Fund’s investment at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in a money market mutual fund.
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Mortgage-Back Securities Risk. Mortgage Backed Securities (“MBS”) are subject to credit risk because underlying loan borrowers may default. Additionally, MBS are subject to prepayment risk because the underlying loans held by the issuers may be paid off prior to maturity. The value of these securities may go down as a result of changes in prepayment rates on the underlying mortgages or loans. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayment rates usually increases and the Fund may have to reinvest prepayment proceeds at a lower interest rate. MBS issued or guaranteed by private issuers are also known as “non-agency” MBS. Non-agency MBS generally are a greater credit risk than MBS issued by The U.S. government, and the market for non-agency MBS is smaller and less liquid than the market for government-issued MBS.
Municipal Bond Risk. The value of municipal bonds that depend on a specific revenue source or general revenue source to fund their payment obligations may fluctuate as a result of changes in the cash flows generated by the revenue source(s) or changes in the priority of the municipal obligation to receive the cash flows generated by the revenue source(s). In addition, changes in federal tax laws or the activity of an issuer may adversely affect the tax-exempt status of municipal bonds. Investments in inverse floating rate securities typically involve greater risk than investments in municipal bonds of comparable maturity and credit quality and their values are more volatile than municipal bonds due to the leverage they entail.
Operational Risk. The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or system failures.
Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may turn over its portfolio investments for a variety of reasons, including for asset allocation rebalances, changes in a closed-end fund’s valuation, temporary defensive positions, dividend capture strategies, or short-term trading strategies. Investments may be sold when, in the opinion of the Adviser, investment considerations warrant such action, without regard to the length of time held. These policies, together with the ability of the Fund to effect short sales of securities and to engage in transactions in derivatives, may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s annual rate of portfolio turnover. If investments are not held for the applicable holding periods, dividends paid on them will not qualify for advantageous U.S. federal tax rates.
Quantitative Model Risk. Securities or other investments selected using quantitative methods may perform differently from the market as a whole. There can be no assurance that these methodologies will enable the Fund to achieve its objective.
Sector Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or sectors. To the extent that the Fund is concentrated in a particular sector or sectors, the Fund will be subject to the risk that the economic, political or other conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors may negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were in a wider variety of sectors.
Short Sales Risk. Selling securities short creates the risk of losing an amount greater than the amount invested. Short selling is subject to the theoretically unlimited risk of loss because there is no limit on how much the price of a stock may appreciate before the short position is closed out. A short sale may result in a sudden and substantial loss if, for example, an acquisition proposal is made for the subject company at a substantial premium over the market price.
Tax Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund’s income will be exempt from U.S. federal or state income taxes. Events occurring after the date of issuance of a municipal bond or after the Fund’s acquisition of a municipal bond may result in a determination that interest on that bond is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes retroactively to its date of issuance. Such a determination may cause a portion of prior distributions by the Fund to its shareholders to be taxable to those shareholders in the year of receipt. Federal or state changes in income or alternative minimum tax rates or in the tax treatment of municipal bonds may make municipal bonds less attractive as investments and cause them to lose value.
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Underlying Fund Risk. Closed-End Funds and ETFs (the “Underlying Funds”) in which the Fund invests are subject to investment advisory and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund. As a result, the cost of investing in the Fund will be higher than the cost of investing directly in the Underlying Funds and may be higher than other funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds. Each of the Underlying Funds is subject to its own specific risks, but the Adviser expects the principal investments risks of such Underlying Funds will be similar to the risks of investing in the Fund.
| ● | Market Risk. The prices of the securities in the Underlying Funds are subject to the risks associated with investing in municipal securities, including general economic conditions and sudden and unpredictable drops in value. An investment in the Fund may lose money. |
| ● | Credit Risk. Bonds are subject to credit risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer or guarantor of a security will be unable and/or unwilling to make timely interest payments and/or repay the principal on its debt or to otherwise honor its obligations and/or default completely. Bonds are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, depending on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities, which may be reflected in credit ratings. There is a possibility that the credit rating of a bond may be downgraded after purchase or the perception of an issuer’s credit worthiness may decline, which may adversely affect the value of the security. The Underlying Funds may hold securities that are insured by a bond insurer. A downgrade of the credit rating of such bond insurer may cause the value of the insured security to decline. |
| ● | U.S. Credit Ratings. The rating criteria and methodology used by U.S. rating agencies may not be fully transparent and such ratings may not accurately reflect the risk of investing in such instruments. |
| ● | Foreign Credit Ratings. The rating criteria and methodology used by foreign rating agencies may be different from those adopted by most of the established US credit rating agencies. Therefore, such rating systems may not provide an equivalent standard for comparison with securities rated by US credit rating agencies. The rating criteria and methodology used by foreign credit ratings agencies also may not be fully transparent and such ratings may not accurately reflect the risk of investing in such instruments. |
| ● | Interest Rate Risk. Debt securities, such as bonds, are also subject to interest rate risk. Interest rate risk refers to fluctuations in the value of a bond resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates. When the general level of interest rates goes up, the prices of most debt securities go down. When the general level of interest rates goes down, the prices of most debt securities go up. The prevailing historically low interest rate environment increases the risks associated with rising interest rates, including the potential for periods of volatility and increased redemptions. In addition, debt securities, such as bonds, with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes, usually making them more volatile than debt securities with shorter durations. |
| ● | Tax Risk. There is no guarantee that the Underlying Fund’s income will be exempt from U.S. federal or state income taxes. Events occurring after the date of issuance of a municipal bond or after the Underlying Fund’s acquisition of a municipal bond may result in a determination that interest on that bond is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes retroactively to its date of issuance. Such a determination may cause a portion of prior distributions by the Underlying Fund to its shareholders to be taxable to those shareholders in the year of receipt. Federal or state changes in income or alternative minimum tax rates or in the tax treatment of municipal bonds may make municipal bonds less attractive as investments and cause them to lose value. |
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| ● | Leverage Risk. Ordinary borrowings by an Underlying Fund or an Underlying Fund’s investment in derivatives may result in leverage. If the prices of those investments decrease, or if the cost of borrowing exceeds any increase in the prices of investments made with the proceeds of the borrowing, the NAV of the Underlying Fund’s shares will decrease more than if the Underlying Fund had not used leverage. An Underlying Fund may have to sell investments at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to the Underlying Fund to repay borrowings. Interest on borrowings is an expense the Underlying Fund would not otherwise incur. Leverage magnifies the potential for gain and the risk of loss. If an Underlying Fund uses leverage, there can be no assurance that the Underlying Fund’s leverage strategy will be successful. |
| ● | Anti-Takeover Measures Risk. Certain Underlying Funds may have provisions in their organizational documents intended to limit the ability of third parties to acquire control or change the composition of the Underlying Fund’s board. This may discourage a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Underlying Fund, which could limit the ability of Underlying Fund shareholders to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices. |
| ● | Non-Diversified
Risk. |
| ● | Risk of Investment Restrictions. The Fund is subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act that limit the amount that the Fund and its affiliates, in the aggregate, can invest in the outstanding voting securities of any one Underlying Fund. The Fund and its affiliates may not acquire “control” of an Underlying Fund, which is presumed once ownership of an Underlying Fund’s outstanding voting securities exceeds 25%. This limitation could inhibit the Fund’s ability to purchase one or more Underlying Funds. |
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| : |
The Fund’s as of the most recent fiscal quarter, which ended , was
| One Year | Life of the Fund | |
| Return Before Taxes | - |
|
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | - |
- |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | - |
- |
| 50% ICE BoFA 5-10 Year US Corp TR USD(1) | - |
- |
| (1) |
| (2) |
Investment Adviser: Rareview Capital LLC (the “Adviser”).
Portfolio Managers: Neil Azous, Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, and Michael Sedacca, Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, serves as the Fund’s Portfolio Managers and are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. Mr. Azous serves as the Fund’s Lead Portfolio Manager and has final authority on all investment decisions.
11
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The Fund will issue and redeem Shares at NAV only in large blocks of 25,000 Shares (each block of Shares is called a “Creation Unit”). Creation Units are issued and redeemed primarily for in-kind for securities. Individual Shares may only be purchased and sold in secondary market transactions through brokers. Except when aggregated in Creation Units in transactions with Authorized Participants, the Shares are not redeemable securities of the Fund.
Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on the Exchange and trade at market prices rather than NAV. Shares of the Fund may trade at a price that is greater than, at, or less than NAV. Performance information regarding the Fund and information regarding its NAV per share can be found at www.rareviewcapital.com.
Tax Information: Dividends and capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund, whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash, are taxable to you at either ordinary income or capital gains tax rates unless you are investing through a tax-free plan. If you are investing through a tax-free plan, you will be taxed upon withdrawal from your account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
12
The Rareview Tax Advantaged Income ETF (the “Fund”) seeks total return with an emphasis on providing current income, a substantial portion of which will be exempt from federal income taxes.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, sell, or hold shares of the Fund. Investors purchasing or selling shares of the Fund in the secondary market may be subject to costs (including customary brokerage commissions) charged by their broker. These costs are not included in the expense example below.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
| Management Fees | |
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |
| Other Expenses | |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(1) | |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | |
| Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(2) | ( |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver |
|
| (1) |
| (2) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example further assumes that the Fund’s operating expense limitation agreement will only be in place for the term specified above. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based upon these assumptions your costs would be:
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| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over”
its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example,
affect the Fund’s performance. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, the Fund had a portfolio turnover rate of
The Fund is a “fund of funds” that seeks to achieve its investment objective principally through investments in unaffiliated closed-end funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest in municipal bond closed-end funds trading at a discount or premium to their underlying net asset value and that pay regular periodic cash distributions.
Closed-end funds are investment companies registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that issue a fixed number of shares through an initial public offering, after which shares will typically be traded on an exchange such as the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) or the Nasdaq National Market System. Unlike open-end investment companies, shares of closed-end funds are not redeemable with the fund on a daily basis. A share in a closed-end fund represents an investment in the underlying assets held by the closed-end fund. A closed-end fund’s value increases or decreases due to various factors, including but not limited to general market conditions, the market’s confidence in the closed-end fund adviser’s ability to generate desired investment returns, and investor confidence in the closed-end fund’s underlying assets. The Adviser seeks to select closed-end funds for the Fund’s portfolio whose shares are trading at a discount or premium relative to their underlying net asset values (“NAV”). A closed-end fund’s shares that are traded on an exchange may be bought or sold at a market price that is lower or higher than the per-share value of the closed-end fund’s underlying assets; when this occurs, the shares are considered to be traded at a discount or premium, respectively. The Fund may generate income in the form of capital gains when the Fund sells shares of a closed-end fund whose shares the Fund initially purchased at discount and whose NAV has subsequently moved closer to the per-share value of its underlying assets. The Fund may also receive income generated from distributions from its holdings in closed-end funds, and may employ a dividend capture strategy in which the Fund purchases shares of a closed-end fund just prior to the ex-dividend date to capture the dividend distribution, then selling it after the dividend is paid.
While the Fund will invest primarily in closed-end funds, the Fund may invest up to 30% of its assets in municipal or short term Treasury exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) if in the Adviser’s discretion, the ETFs will provide a better investment opportunity or liquidity for the asset class. The Fund, and the closed-end funds in which the Fund invests, may invest in derivatives, including listed and over-the-counter index futures, options and swaps, for hedging purposes to mitigate interest rate, equity, credit, commodity, currency and volatility risks. The Fund may invest in cash and cash equivalents to offset leverage and interest rate exposure within the Fund’s holdings in closed-end funds.
The Adviser may sell or reduce the Fund’s position in a holding for a variety of reasons when appropriate and consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies, or when the holding no longer meets the Adviser’s investment selection criteria. Generally, the Fund will sell or reduce its position in a closed-end fund when its discount-to-NAV has reverted to or has moved significantly above its fair value, as determined by the Adviser. The Fund may also sell or reduce its positions when attempting to rebalance the distribution of Fund assets among asset classes in the interest of affecting the Fund’s relative risk levels and expected returns.
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In managing the Fund’s portfolio, the Adviser will engage in frequent portfolio transactions, resulting in a higher portfolio turnover rate.
The following describes the risks the Fund bears with respect to its investments. As with any fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its goal.
Underlying Fund Risk. Closed-End Funds and Exchange Traded Funds (the “Underlying Funds”), in which the Fund invests, are subject to investment advisory and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund. As a result, the cost of investing in the Fund will be higher than the cost of investing directly in the Underlying Funds and may be higher than other funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds. Each Underlying Fund is subject to its own specific risks, but the Adviser expects the principal investments risks of such Underlying Funds will be similar to the risks of investing in the Fund.
| ● | Municipal Securities Risk. Municipal securities are subject to the risk that litigation, legislation or other political events, local business or economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, or the bankruptcy of the issuer could have a significant effect on an issuer’s ability to make payments of principal and/or interest or otherwise affect the value of such securities. Certain municipalities may have difficulty meeting their obligations due to, among other reasons, changes in underlying demographics. Municipal securities can be significantly affected by political changes as well as uncertainties in the municipal market related to government regulation, taxation, legislative changes or the rights of municipal security holders. Because many municipal securities are issued to finance similar projects, especially those relating to education, health care, transportation, utilities and water and sewer, conditions in those sectors can affect the overall municipal market. Municipal securities may include revenue bonds, which are generally backed by revenue from a specific project or tax. The issuer of a revenue bond makes interest and principal payments from revenues generated from a particular source or facility, such as a tax on particular property or revenues generated from a municipal water or sewer utility or an airport. Revenue bonds generally are not backed by the full faith and credit and general taxing power of the issuer. The market for municipal bonds may be less liquid than for taxable bonds. There may be less information available on the financial condition of issuers of municipal securities than for public corporations. |
| ● | Call Risk. The Fund may invest in callable bonds. If interest rates fall, it is possible that issuers of callable securities will “call” (or prepay) their bonds before their maturity date. If a call were exercised by the issuer during or following a period of declining interest rates, the Fund is likely to have to replace such called security with a lower yielding security or securities with greater risks or other less favorable features. If that were to happen, it would decrease the Fund’s net investment income. |
| ● | Credit Risk. Bonds are subject to credit risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer or guarantor of a security will be unable and/or unwilling to make timely interest payments and/or repay the principal on its debt or to otherwise honor its obligations and/or default completely. Bonds are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, depending on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities, which may be reflected in credit ratings. There is a possibility that the credit rating of a bond may be downgraded after purchase or the perception of an issuer’s credit worthiness may decline, which may adversely affect the value of the security. |
15
| ● | U.S. Credit Ratings. The rating criteria and methodology used by U.S. rating agencies may not be fully transparent and such ratings may not accurately reflect the risk of investing in such instruments. |
| ● | Duration Risk. Longer-term securities may be more sensitive to interest rate changes. Given the recent, historically low interest rates and the potential for increases in those rates, a heightened risk is posed by rising interest rates to a fund whose portfolios include longer-term fixed income securities. Duration is the measure of the sensitivity of a debt security to changes in market interest rates. For example, if interest rates increase by 1%, a fixed income security with a duration of two years will decrease in value by approximately 2%. |
| ● | Extension Risk. The risk that if interest rates rise, repayments of principal on certain debt securities may occur at a slower rate than expected and the expected maturity of those securities could lengthen as a result. Securities that are subject to extension risk generally have a greater potential for loss when prevailing interest rates rise, which could cause their values to fall sharply. |
| ● | Interest Rate Risk. Debt securities, such as bonds, are also subject to interest rate risk. Interest rate risk refers to fluctuations in the value of a bond resulting from changes in the general level of interest rates. When the general level of interest rates goes up, the prices of most debt securities go down. When the general level of interest rates goes down, the prices of most debt securities go up. The prevailing historically low interest rate environment increases the risks associated with rising interest rates, including the potential for periods of volatility and increased redemptions. In addition, debt securities, such as bonds, with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes, usually making them more volatile than debt securities with shorter durations. |
| ● | Prepayment Risk. The risk that the issuer of a debt security repays all or a portion of the principal prior to the security’s maturity therefore resulting in lower yields to shareholders of the Fund. The Fund may be unable to re-invest the proceeds in an investment with as great a yield. |
| ● | State Risk. The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in municipal obligations of issuers located in a particular state. Consequently, the Fund may be affected by political, economic, regulatory and other developments within that state and by the financial condition of that state’s political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities and public authorities. |
| ● | Special Tax Bond Risk. The Fund will be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition and performance of special tax bonds. Special tax bonds are usually backed and payable through a single tax, or series of special taxes such as incremental property taxes. The failure of the tax levy to generate adequate revenue to pay the debt service on the bonds may cause the value of the bonds to decline. Adverse conditions and developments affecting a. particular project may result in lower revenues to the issuer of the municipal securities, which may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s portfolio. |
| ● | Transportation Bond Risk. The Fund will be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition and performance of transportation bonds. Transportation bonds may be issued to finance the construction of airports, toll roads, highways or other transit facilities. Airport bonds are dependent on the general stability of the airline industry and on the stability of a specific carrier who uses the airport as a hub. Air traffic generally follows broader economic trends and is also affected by the price and availability of fuel. Toll road bonds are also affected by the cost and availability of fuel as well as toll levels, the presence of competing roads and the general economic health of an area. Fuel costs and availability also affect other transportation related securities, as do the presence of alternate forms of transportation, such as public transportation. |
16
Municipal securities that are issued to finance a particular transportation project often depend solely on revenues from that project to make principal and interest payments. Adverse conditions and developments affecting a particular project may result in lower revenues to the issuer of the municipal securities.
| ● | Water and Sewer Bond Risk. The Fund will be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition and performance of water and sewer bonds. Water and sewer revenue bonds are often considered to have relatively secure credit as a result of their issuer’s importance, monopoly status and generally unimpeded ability to raise rates. Despite this, lack of water supply due to insufficient rain, run off or snow pack is a concern that has led to past defaults. Further, public resistance to rate increases, costly environmental litigation and federal environmental mandates are challenges faced by issuers of water and sewer bonds. |
Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed using proprietary investment strategies and processes. There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes will be successful.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Fund may hold cash or cash equivalents. Generally, such positions offer less potential for gain than other investments. Holding cash or cash equivalents, even strategically, may lead to missed investment opportunities. This is particularly true when the market for other investments in which a Fund may invest is rapidly rising. If a Fund holds cash uninvested it will be subject to the credit risk of the depositing institution holding the cash.
Closed-End Fund Risk. Closed-end funds involve investment risks different from those associated with other investment companies. Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at either a premium or discount relative to their NAV. When the Fund purchases shares of a closed-end fund at a discount to its NAV, there can be no assurance that the discount will decrease. In fact, it is possible that this market discount may increase and the Fund may suffer realized or unrealized capital losses due to further decline in the market price of the securities of such closed-end funds, thereby adversely affecting the NAV of the Fund’s shares. Similarly, there can be no assurance that any shares of a closed-end fund purchased by the Fund at a premium will continue to trade at a premium or that the premium will not decrease subsequent to a purchase of such shares by the Fund. Many closed-end funds also utilize leverage, which will expose the Fund to greater risk of significant changes in share prices of the closed-end funds’ share prices, and will require payment of leverage interest or dividend expenses, reducing the closed-end fund’s overall return. Closed-end funds also expose the Fund to illiquidity risks because closed-end funds may have smaller market capitalizations than other exchange-traded investments. Closed-end funds that pay a dividend or distribution may reduce or eliminate such payments from time to time.
| ● | Anti-Takeover Measures Risk. Certain closed-end funds may have provisions in their organizational documents intended to limit the ability of third parties to acquire control or change the composition of the closed-end fund’s board. This may discourage a third party from seeking to obtain control of the closed-end fund, which could limit the ability of closed-end fund shareholders to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices. |
Control of Underlying Fund Risk. Although the Fund and the Adviser will evaluate regularly each closed-end fund to determine whether its investment program is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser will not have any control over the investments made by a closed-end fund. The investment adviser to each closed-end fund may change aspects of its investment strategies at any time. The Adviser will not have the ability to control or otherwise influence the composition of the investment portfolio of a closed-end fund.
17
Derivatives Risk. Through its investments in other funds, the Fund may be subject to the risks of investing in derivative securities. The value of a derivative security may not move as expected relative to the value of the relevant underlying assets, rates, or indices. Derivatives can be highly volatile and illiquid and may entail investment exposure greater than the total value of the derivatives’ underlying assets (their “notional amount”).
| ● | Futures. Futures contracts markets are highly volatile and are influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Investing in futures usually exposes investors in a greater degree of leverage than other investments. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund. |
| ● | Options. The market values of options may not always move in synch with the market value of the underlying securities. Specific market movements of an option and the instruments underlying an option cannot be predicted. The purchaser of an option is subject to the risk of losing the entire purchase price of the option if the option has not been sold or exercised prior to the option’s expiration date. |
| ● | Swaps. Swaps are agreements to exchange cash flows. Swaps may be difficult to value and may be considered illiquid. Swaps create significant investment leverage such that a relatively small price movement in a swap may result in immediate and substantial loss. |
Dividend Risk. The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives depends in part upon the Adviser’s ability to anticipate the dividend policies of closed-end funds and the underlying companies in which such closed-end funds invest. When the Fund employs dividend capture strategies the Adviser is required to identify and exploit opportunities such as the announcement of major corporate actions, including restructuring initiatives or a special dividend, that may lead to a high level of current dividend income. These situations are typically not recurring in nature or frequency, may be difficult to predict, and may not result in an opportunity that allows the Adviser to fulfill the Fund’s investment objective. The use of dividend capture strategies will expose the Fund to increased trading costs and potential for capital loss or gain, particularly in the event of significant short-term price movements of investments subject to dividend capture trading.
Early Close/Trading Halt Risk. An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may prevent the Fund from buying or selling certain securities or financial instruments. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments and may incur substantial trading losses.
ETF Structure Risks. The Fund is structured as an ETF and as a result is subject to the special risks, including:
| (a) | Not Individually Redeemable. The Fund’s shares (“Shares”) are not redeemable by retail investors and may be redeemed only by Authorized Participants at net asset value (“NAV”) and only in Creation Units. A retail investor generally incurs brokerage costs when selling shares. |
| (b) | No Guarantee of Active Trading Market. While Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will be maintained. Further, secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and APs may step away from making a market in the Shares and in executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation in the Fund’s market price from its NAV. |
| (c) | Trading Issues. Trading in Shares on the CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”) may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable, such as extraordinary market volatility. There can be no assurance that Shares will continue to meet the listing requirements of the Exchange which may result in the Shares being delisted. An active trading market for the Shares may not be developed or maintained. If the Shares are traded outside a collateralized settlement system, the number of financial institutions that can act as Authorized Participants that can post collateral on an agency basis is limited, which may limit the market for the Shares. |
18
| (d) | Market Price Variance Risk. The market prices of Shares will fluctuate in response to changes in NAV and supply and demand for Shares and will include a “bid-ask spread” charged by the exchange specialists, market makers or other participants that trade the Shares. There may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. This means that Shares may trade at a discount to NAV. |
| (a) | In times of market stress, market makers may step away from their role market making in the Shares and in executing trades, which can lead to differences between the market value of the Shares and the Fund’s NAV. |
| (b) | The market price of the Shares may deviate from the Fund’s NAV, particularly during times of market stress, with the result that investors may pay significantly more or significantly less the Shares than the Fund’s NAV, which is reflected in the bid and ask price for the Shares or in the closing price. |
| (c) | In stressed market conditions, the market for the Shares may become less liquid in response to the deteriorating liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio. This adverse effect on the liquidity of the Shares may, in turn, lead to differences between the market value of the Shares and the Fund’s NAV. |
| (e) | Authorized Participant Risk. Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund. The Fund has a limited number of institutions that may act as an Authorized Participant on an agency basis (i.e., on behalf of other market participants). To the extent that Authorized Participants exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem Creation Units, Fund shares may be more likely to trade at a premium or discount to net asset value and possibly face trading halts or delisting. Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened for securities or instruments that have lower trading volumes. |
| (f) | Fund Shares Trading, Premium/Discount Risk and Liquidity of Fund Shares. The market price of the Shares may fluctuate in response to the Fund’s NAV, the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings and supply and demand for Shares. The Adviser cannot predict whether Shares will trade above, below, or at their most recent NAV. Disruptions to creations and redemptions, the existence of market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for Shares (including through a trading halt), as well as other factors, may result in Shares trading at a significant premium or discount to NAV or to the intraday value of the Fund’s holdings. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market price is at a premium to the NAV or sells Shares at a time when the market price is at a discount to the NAV, the shareholder may pay significantly more or receive significantly less than the underlying value of the Shares that were bought or sold or the shareholder may be unable to sell his or her Shares. The securities held by the Fund may be trade in markets that close at a different time than the Exchange. Liquidity in those securities may be reduced after the applicable closing times. Accordingly, during the time when the Exchange is open but after the applicable market closing, fixing or settlement times, bid-ask spreads on the Exchange and the resulting premium or discount to the Shares’ NAV may widen. Additionally, in stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund’s Shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity, in the markets for the Fund’s underlying holdings. There are various methods by which investors can purchase and sell Shares. Investors should consult their financial intermediaries before purchasing or selling Shares of the Fund. |
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High Yield Fixed Income Securities. Fixed income securities in a closed-end fund that are rated below investment grade (i.e., “high yield fixed income securities” or “junk bonds”) are subject to additional risk factors such as increased possibility of default liquidation of the security, and changes in value based on public perception of the issuer. High yield fixed income securities are considered primarily speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments.
Illiquidity Risk. Certain of the Fund’s investments may not be readily sold at the desired time or price, and may be sold at a lower price or may not have a sufficient market to be sold at all. An inability to sell securities can adversely affect the value of the Fund or prevent the Fund from taking advantage of other investment opportunities. Also, an inability to sell securities may affect the Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests. In certain circumstances, it may be difficult for the Fund to purchase and sell particular portfolio investments in closed-end funds due to infrequent trading in such investments. The prices of such investments may experience significant volatility, make it more difficult for the Fund to transact significant amounts of such investments without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices, or make it difficult for the Adviser to dispose of such investments at a fair price or at the time the Adviser believes it is desirable to do so. Closed-end funds that are liquid investments may become illiquid or less liquid after purchase by the Fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil or economic uncertainty. Illiquid and relatively less liquid investments may be harder to value. The Fund is limited to investing only up to 15% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in illiquid securities.
Investments in Undervalued Securities. The Fund’s investment strategy includes investing in closed-end funds that are, in the Adviser’s opinion, undervalued based on their underlying assets. There is no assurance that the Adviser will successfully identify such investment opportunities. While investments in undervalued securities offer opportunities for above-average capital appreciation, these investments may involve a high level of risk, and may result in substantial losses.
Leverage Risk. Although the Fund will not itself employ leverage, the underlying holdings will often employ leverage, subject to investment company limits set forth by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed.
Management Style Risk. Different types of securities tend to shift into and out of favor with investors depending on market and economic conditions. The returns from the types of investments purchased by the Fund (e.g., closed-end funds which pay regular periodic cash distributions) may at times be better or worse than the returns from other types of funds. Each type of investment tends to go through cycles of performing better or worse than the market in general. The performance of the Fund may thus be better or worse than the performance of funds that focus on other types of investments, or that have a broader investment style.
Market and Geopolitical Risk. The increasing interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. Securities in the Funds’ portfolios may underperform due to inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics, terrorism, regulatory events and governmental or quasi-governmental actions. The occurrence of global events similar to those in recent years may result in market volatility and may have long term effects on both the U.S. and global financial markets. An outbreak of an infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 has negatively affected the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, including the United States, the financial health of consumers, borrowers, individual companies and the market in general in significant and unforeseen ways. The future impact of COVID-19 is currently unknown, and it may exacerbate other risks that apply to the Fund. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance, and the performance, liquidity, credit quality and financial underpinnings of the securities in which the Fund invests, and may lead to losses on your investment in the Fund.
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Money Market Mutual Fund Risk. The Fund may invest in money market mutual funds in order to manage its cash component. An investment in a money market mutual fund is not insured or guaranteed by a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Although such funds seek to preserve the value of the Fund’s investment at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in a money market mutual fund.
Operational Risk. The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or system failures.
Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may turn over its portfolio investments for a variety of reasons, including for asset allocation rebalances, changes in a closed-end fund’s valuation, temporary defensive positions, dividend capture strategies, or short-term trading strategies. Investments may be sold when, in the opinion of the Adviser, investment considerations warrant such action, without regard to the length of time held. These policies, together with the ability of the Fund to effect short sales of securities and to engage in transactions in derivatives, may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s annual rate of portfolio turnover. If investments are not held for the applicable holding periods, dividends paid on them will not qualify for advantageous U.S. federal tax rates.
Quantitative Model Risk. Securities or other investments selected using quantitative methods may perform differently from the market as a whole. There can be no assurance that these methodologies will enable the Fund to achieve its objective.
Sector Risk. The Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or sectors. To the extent that the Fund is concentrated in a particular sector or sectors, the Fund will be subject to the risk that the economic, political or other conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors may negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if the Fund’s assets were in a wider variety of sectors.
Short Sales Risk. Selling securities short creates the risk of losing an amount greater than the amount invested. Short selling is subject to the theoretically unlimited risk of loss because there is no limit on how much the price of a stock may appreciate before the short position is closed out. A short sale may result in a sudden and substantial loss if, for example, an acquisition proposal is made for the subject company at a substantial premium over the market price.
Tax Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund’s income will be exempt from U.S. federal or state income taxes. Events occurring after the date of issuance of a municipal bond or after the Fund’s acquisition of a municipal bond may result in a determination that interest on that bond is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes retroactively to its date of issuance. Such a determination may cause a portion of prior distributions by the Fund to its shareholders to be taxable to those shareholders in the year of receipt. Federal or state changes in income or alternative minimum tax rates or in the tax treatment of municipal bonds may make municipal bonds less attractive as investments and cause them to lose value.
U.S. Treasury Futures Contracts Hedge Risk. The Adviser, as it deems appropriate, intends to hedge against interest rate risk by short selling U.S. Treasury futures contracts. To the extent the Fund holds such short positions, should market conditions cause U.S. Treasury prices to rise, the Fund’s portfolio could experience a loss; and should U.S. Treasury prices rise at the same time municipal bond and/or closed-end municipal bond fund prices fall, these losses will be greater than if the hedging strategy had not been in place. The hedging strategy depends on market conditions and the judgment of the Adviser, and there is no guarantee that the success of the hedging strategy will be successful in mitigating interest rate risk or preventing losses to the Fund’s portfolio.
21
| : | ||
| : |
The Fund’s as of the most recent fiscal quarter, which ended , was .
| One Year | Life of the Fund | |
| Return Before Taxes | - |
- |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | - |
- |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | - |
- |
| Bloomberg Municipal TR USD(1) | - |
- |
| (1) |
22
Investment Adviser: Rareview Capital LLC (the “Adviser”).
Portfolio Manager: Neil Azous, Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, and Michael Sedacca, Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, serves as the Fund’s Portfolio Managers and are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. Mr. Azous serves as the Fund’s Lead Portfolio Manager and has final authority on all investment decisions.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The Fund will issue and redeem Shares at NAV only in large blocks of 25,000 Shares (each block of Shares is called a “Creation Unit”). Creation Units are issued and redeemed primarily for in-kind for securities. Individual Shares may only be purchased and sold in secondary market transactions through brokers. Except when aggregated in Creation Units in transactions with Authorized Participants, the Shares are not redeemable securities of the Fund.
Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on the Exchange and trade at market prices rather than NAV. Shares of the Fund may trade at a price that is greater than, at, or less than NAV. Performance information regarding the Fund and information regarding its NAV per share can be found at www.rareviewcapital.com.
Tax Information: The Fund intends to distribute income that is generally exempt from regular federal income tax. Portions of the Fund’s distributions may be subject to such taxes and/or to the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. Although the Fund expects that a significant portion of its distributions will be exempt from regular U.S. federal income tax, no assurance can be given in this regard.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
23
The Rareview Inflation/Deflation ETF (the “Fund”) seeks a rate of return that exceeds the rate of inflation over a business cycle.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. Investors purchasing or selling shares of the Fund in the secondary market may be subject to costs (including customary brokerage commissions) charged by their broker. These costs are not included in the expense example below.
| Annual Fund Operating Expenses | |
| (expenses that you pay each year | |
| as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
| Management Fees | |
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |
| Other Expenses | |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(1) | |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | |
| Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(2) | ( |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) After Fee Waiver |
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds and exchange traded funds.
24
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example further assumes that the Fund’s operating expense limitation agreement will only be in place for the term specified above. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based upon these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over”
its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example,
affect the Fund’s performance. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, the Fund had a portfolio turnover rate of
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund that seeks to achieve its investment objective through investments in inflation-protected U.S. Treasury securities (“TIPS”), exchange traded funds that primarily invest in TIPS, or other U.S. Treasury securities. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective over a business cycle which it defines as approximately 60 months. The Adviser invests the Fund’s assets in TIPS or ETFs that primarily invest in TIPS when the Adviser believes the market is in an inflationary environment. The Adviser invests in U.S. Treasury securities when the Adviser believes the market is in a deflationary environment. The Fund will also either invest in a combination of cash, cash equivalents, and exchange traded and over-the-counter fixed income derivatives based on the Adviser’s outlook on current interest rates. The Fund may invest in any of the following exchange traded and over-the-counter fixed income derivatives:
Exchange Traded Derivative Fixed Income Instruments:
| ● | U.S. treasury futures (contracts for the purchase and sale of U.S. government notes or bonds for future delivery); |
| ● | Options on U.S. treasury futures (contracts that provide the buyer the right (rather than an obligation) to buy or sell the underlying instrument at a predetermined price and expiration date); and |
| ● | Short-term interest rate futures (contract that derives its value from the interest rate at maturation). |
Over-the-Counter Derivative Fixed Income Instruments:
| ● | U.S. interest rate swaps (agreement between two parties to exchange one stream of interest payments for another); |
| ● | Options on inflation-linked benchmarks such as the consumer price index. |
The Adviser selects derivatives based upon its evaluation of relative value based on cost, option strike price (price that the option can be bought or sold by the option holder) and maturity (the last date the option or other contract is valid) and will exercise or close the options and other derivatives based on maturity or portfolio rebalancing requirements. The Adviser anticipates purchasing and selling its derivatives on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis, depending upon the Adviser’s rebalancing strategy and derivatives expiration dates. However, the Adviser may rebalance the Fund’s derivative portfolio on a more frequent basis for a number of reasons such as market volatility or a derivative position has appreciated to the point that the Adviser believes that it is prudent to decrease the Fund’s exposure and realize gains for the Fund’s shareholders.
The following describes the risks the Fund bears with respect to its investments. As with any fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its goal.
25
TIPS Risk. TIPS are debt instruments issued by the by the United States Department of the Treasury. The principal of TIPS increases with inflation and decreases with deflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index. When TIPS mature, investors are paid the adjusted principal or original principal, whichever is greater. Interest payments on TIPS are unpredictable because they fluctuate as the principal of TIPS are adjusted for inflation. TIPS decline in value when real interest rates rise. However, in certain interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates, TIPS may experience greater losses than other fixed income securities with similar duration. Inflation-indexed bonds generally pay a lower nominal interest rate than a comparable non-inflation-indexed bond. There can be no assurance that the CPI will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Any increases in the principal amount of TIPS will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though the Fund or applicable underlying ETF will not receive the principal until maturity. As a result, the Fund may make income distributions to shareholders that exceed the cash it receives.
Fixed Income Risk. Through its investments in other funds, the Fund may be subject to the risks of investing in fixed income securities. The prices of fixed income securities respond to economic developments, particularly interest rate changes, as well as to perceptions about the creditworthiness of individual issuers.
Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed using proprietary investment strategies and processes. There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes will be successful.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Fund may hold cash or cash equivalents. Generally, such positions offer less potential for gain than other investments. Holding cash or cash equivalents, even strategically, may lead to missed investment opportunities. This is particularly true when the market for other investments in which the Fund may invest is rapidly rising. If the Fund holds cash uninvested it will be subject to the credit risk of the depositing institution holding the cash.
Counterparty Risk. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty to a financial instrument held by the Fund or by a special purpose or structured vehicle invested in by the Fund may become insolvent or otherwise fail to perform its obligations, and the Fund may obtain no or limited recovery of its investment, and any recovery may be significantly delayed.
Derivatives Risk. The Fund may be subject to the risks of investing in derivative instruments. The value of a derivative may not move as expected relative to the value of the relevant underlying assets, rates, or indices. Derivatives can be highly volatile and illiquid and may entail investment exposure greater than the total value of the derivatives’ underlying assets (their “notional amount”).
| ● | Futures. Futures contracts markets are highly volatile and are influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Investing in futures usually exposes investors in a greater degree of leverage than other investments. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund. |
| ● | Options. The market values of options may not always move in synch with the market value of the underlying securities or reference instrument. Specific market movements of an option and the instruments underlying an option cannot be predicted. The purchaser of an option is subject to the risk of losing the entire purchase price of the option if the option has not been sold or exercised prior to the option’s expiration date. |
| ● | Swaps. Swaps are agreements to exchange cash flows. Swaps may be difficult to value and may be considered illiquid. Swaps create significant investment leverage such that a relatively small price movement in a swap may result in immediate and substantial loss. |
26
Early Close/Trading Halt Risk. An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may prevent the Fund from buying or selling certain securities or financial instruments. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments and may incur substantial trading losses.
ETF Structure Risks. The Fund is structured as an ETF and as a result is subject to special risks, including:
| ● | Not Individually Redeemable. The Fund’s shares (“Shares”) are not redeemable by retail investors and may be redeemed only by Authorized Participants at net asset value (“NAV”) and only in Creation Units. A retail investor generally incurs brokerage costs when selling shares. |
| ● | No Guarantee of Active Trading Market. While Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will be maintained. Further, secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and APs may step away from making a market in the Shares and in executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation in the Fund’s market price from its NAV. |
| ● | Trading Issues. Trading in Shares on the CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”) may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable, such as extraordinary market volatility. There can be no assurance that Shares will continue to meet the listing requirements of the Exchange which may result in the Shares being delisted. An active trading market for the Shares may not be developed or maintained. If the Shares are traded outside a collateralized settlement system, the number of financial institutions that can act as Authorized Participants that can post collateral on an agency basis is limited, which may limit the market for the Shares. |
| ● | Market Price Variance Risk. The market prices of Shares will fluctuate in response to changes in NAV and supply and demand for Shares and will include a “bid-ask spread” charged by the exchange specialists, market makers or other participants that trade the Shares. There may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. This means that Shares may trade at a discount to NAV. |
| ○ | In times of market stress, market makers may step away from their role market making in the Shares and in executing trades, which can lead to differences between the market value of the Shares and the Fund’s NAV. |
| ○ | The market price of the Shares may deviate from the Fund’s NAV, particularly during times of market stress, with the result that investors may pay significantly more or significantly less the Shares than the Fund’s NAV, which is reflected in the bid and ask price for the Shares or in the closing price. |
| ○ | In stressed market conditions, the market for the Shares may become less liquid in response to the deteriorating liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio. This adverse effect on the liquidity of the Shares may, in turn, lead to differences between the market value of the Shares and the Fund’s NAV. |
| ● | Authorized Participant Risk. Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund. The Fund has a limited number of institutions that may act as an Authorized Participant on an agency basis (i.e., on behalf of other market participants). To the extent that Authorized Participants exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem Creation Units, Fund shares may be more likely to trade at a premium or discount to net asset value and possibly face trading halts or delisting. Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened for securities or instruments that have lower trading volumes. |
27
Leverage Risk. The use of leverage by the Fund, such as the use of options, will cause the Fund to incur additional expenses and magnify the Fund’s gains or losses.
Management Style Risk. Different types of securities tend to shift into and out of favor with investors depending on market and economic conditions. The returns from the types of investments purchased by the Fund may at times be better or worse than the returns from other types of funds. Each type of investment tends to go through cycles of performing better or worse than the market in general. The performance of the Fund may thus be better or worse than the performance of funds that focus on other types of investments, or that have a broader investment style.
Market and Geopolitical Risk. The increasing interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. Securities in the Fund’s portfolios may underperform due to inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics, terrorism, regulatory events and governmental or quasi-governmental actions. The occurrence of global events similar to those in recent years may result in market volatility and may have long term effects on both the U.S. and global financial markets. An outbreak of an infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 has negatively affected the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, including the United States, the financial health of consumers, borrowers, individual companies and the market in general in significant and unforeseen ways. The future impact of COVID-19 is currently unknown, and it may exacerbate other risks that apply to the Fund. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance, and the performance, liquidity, credit quality and financial underpinnings of the securities in which the Fund invests, and may lead to losses on your investment in the Fund.
Over-the-Counter Market Risk. Securities, options, and other derivatives traded in over-the-counter markets may trade less frequently and in limited volumes and thus exhibit more volatility and liquidity risk, and the prices paid by the Fund in over-the-counter transactions may include an undisclosed dealer markup. The Fund is also exposed to default by the over-the-counter option writer or derivative counterparty who may be unwilling or unable to perform its contractual obligations to the Fund.
Operational Risk. The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or system failures.
Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may turn over its portfolio investments for a variety of reasons, including for asset allocation rebalances, temporary defensive positions, or short-term trading strategies. Investments may be sold when, in the opinion of the Adviser, investment considerations warrant such action, without regard to the length of time held. These policies, together with the ability of the Fund to engage in transactions in derivatives, may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s annual rate of portfolio turnover.
Investment Adviser: Rareview Capital LLC (the “Adviser”).
Portfolio Managers: Neil Azous, Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager of the Advisor, and Michael Sedacca, Portfolio Manager of the Advisor, will serve as the Fund’s Portfolio Managers and are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund. Mr. Azous will serve as the Fund’s Lead Portfolio Manager and has final authority on all investment decisions.
28
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The Fund will issue and redeem Shares at NAV only in large blocks of 25,000 Shares (each block of Shares is called a “Creation Unit”). Creation Units are issued and redeemed primarily for in-kind for securities. Individual Shares may only be purchased and sold in secondary market transactions through brokers. Except when aggregated in Creation Units in transactions with Authorized Participants, the Shares are not redeemable securities of the Fund.
Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on the Exchange and trade at market prices rather than NAV. Shares of the Fund may trade at a price that is greater than, at, or less than NAV. Performance information regarding the Fund and information regarding its NAV per share can be found at www.rareviewcapital.com.
Tax Information: Dividends and capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund, whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash, are taxable to you at either ordinary income or capital gains tax rates unless you are investing through a tax-free plan. If you are investing through a tax-free plan, you will be taxed upon withdrawal from your account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
29
The Rareview Systematic Equity ETF (the “Fund”) seeks returns that exceed global developed and emerging markets.
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. Investors purchasing or selling shares of the Fund in the secondary market may be subject to costs (including customary brokerage commissions) charged by their broker. These costs are not included in the expense example below.
| Annual Fund Operating Expenses | |
| (expenses that you pay each year | |
| as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
| Management Fees | |
| Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | |
| Other Expenses | |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(1) | |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | |
| Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(2) | ( |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses(3) After Fee Waiver |
| (1) |
| (2) |
| (3) |
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in mutual funds and other exchange traded funds.
30
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example further assumes that the Fund’s operating expense limitation agreement will only be in place for the term specified above. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based upon these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over”
its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund
shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example,
affect the Fund’s performance. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, the Fund had a portfolio turnover rate of
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund that seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in exchange traded funds that primarily invest in equity securities of domestic, foreign or emerging market issuers of any market capitalization (“Underlying Equity ETFs”). Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any amounts of borrowings) in Underlying Equity ETFs. In investing in Underlying Equity ETFs, the Fund seeks investment exposure to one or more of the following equity sub-strategies: (1) U.S Large Capitalization, (2) U.S. Small Capitalization, (3) Emerging Markets, or (4) Non-U.S. Developed Markets securities (each a “sub-strategy and collectively, the “sub-strategies”).
| ● | U.S. Large Capitalization. The Fund considers a large capitalization securities to be those companies with market capitalizations of $10 billion or more. |
| ● | U.S. Small Capitalization. The Fund defines small capitalization companies as those at time of purchase with market capitalizations below $3 billion or in the range of those market capitalizations of companies included in the Russell 2000 Index at the time of purchase. |
| ● | Emerging Markets. The Fund considers an emerging market country to include any country that is (1) generally recognized to be an emerging market country by the international financial community, including the World Bank; (2) classified by the United Nations as a developing country; or (3) included in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index. The adviser determines that an investment is tied economically to an emerging market if such investment satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (1) the issuer’s primary trading market is in an emerging market; (2) the issuer is organized under the laws of, derives at least 50% of its revenue from, or has at least 50% of its assets in emerging markets; (3) the investment is included in an index representative of emerging markets; and (4) the investment is exposed to the economic risks and returns of emerging markets. |
| ● | Non U.S. Developed Markets. The Fund defines a developed ex-US ETF as one that is comprised of large-, mid- and small-capitalization developed market equities, excluding the U.S. and Canada. |
In managing the Fund’s assets, the adviser utilizes the sub-adviser’s quantitative investment system. The sub-adviser’s proprietary system uses multiple data sets, including price, market volatility, and changes in U.S. credit markets and algorithms to determine how to allocate the Fund’s portfolio amongst the sub-strategies. When the sub-adviser’s quantitative investment system indicates a positive return for the strategy, the Fund will invest up to 133% of the Fund’s portfolio in the Underlying Equity ETFs and equity index futures contracts that represent the sub-strategies. When the sub-adviser’s quantitative investment system indicates a negative return, the adviser will use equity index futures contracts to provide short investment exposure to the applicable sub-strategy. There may be instances when the sub-adviser’s quantitative investment system indicates a negative return for all four sub-strategies, which will result in the Fund’s assets being primarily invested in cash or cash equivalents. The Fund will use futures to increase the Fund’s combined long and short exposure. The use of futures creates leverage, which can magnify the Fund’s potential for gain or loss and, therefore, may amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s net asset value.
31
The following describes the risks the Fund bears with respect to its investments. As with any fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its goal.
Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed using proprietary investment strategies and processes. There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes will be successful.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Fund may hold cash or cash equivalents. Generally, such positions offer less potential for gain than other investments. Holding cash or cash equivalents, even strategically, may lead to missed investment opportunities. This is particularly true when the market for other investments in which the Fund may invest is rapidly rising. If the Fund holds cash uninvested it will be subject to the credit risk of the depositing institution holding the cash.
Derivatives Risk. The Fund may be subject to the risks of investing in derivative instruments. The value of a derivative may not move as expected relative to the value of the relevant underlying assets, rates, or indices. Derivatives can be highly volatile and illiquid and may entail investment exposure greater than the total value of the derivatives’ underlying assets (their “notional amount”).
| ● | Futures. Futures contracts markets are highly volatile and are influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. Investing in futures usually exposes investors in a greater degree of leverage than other investments. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in substantial losses to the Fund. |
Early Close/Trading Halt Risk. An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may prevent the Fund from buying or selling certain securities or financial instruments. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments and may incur substantial trading losses.
Emerging Markets Risk. Investing in emerging markets involves not only the risks described below with respect to investing in foreign securities, but also other risks, including exposure to economic structures that are generally less diverse and mature, limited availability and reliability of information material to an investment decision, and exposure to political systems that can be expected to have less stability than those of developed countries. The market for the securities of issuers in emerging markets typically is small, and a low or nonexistent trading volume in those securities may result in a lack of liquidity and price volatility.
Equity Risk. The net asset value of the Fund will fluctuate based on changes in the value of the equity securities held by the Fund. Equity prices can fall rapidly in response to developments affecting a specific company or industry, or to changing economic, political or market conditions.
32
ETF Structure Risks. The Fund is structured as an ETF and as a result is subject to special risks, including:
| ● | Not Individually Redeemable. The Fund’s shares (“Shares”) are not redeemable by retail investors and may be redeemed only by Authorized Participants at net asset value (“NAV”) and only in Creation Units. A retail investor generally incurs brokerage costs when selling shares. |
| ● | No Guarantee of Active Trading Market. While Shares are listed on the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will be maintained. Further, secondary markets may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods in times of market stress because market makers and APs may step away from making a market in the Shares and in executing creation and redemption orders, which could cause a material deviation in the Fund’s market price from its NAV. |
| ● | Trading Issues. Trading in Shares on the CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”) may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable, such as extraordinary market volatility. There can be no assurance that Shares will continue to meet the listing requirements of the Exchange which may result in the Shares being delisted. An active trading market for the Shares may not be developed or maintained. If the Shares are traded outside a collateralized settlement system, the number of financial institutions that can act as Authorized Participants that can post collateral on an agency basis is limited, which may limit the market for the Shares. |
| ● | Market Price Variance Risk. The market prices of Shares will fluctuate in response to changes in NAV and supply and demand for Shares and will include a “bid-ask spread” charged by the exchange specialists, market makers or other participants that trade the Shares. There may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. This means that Shares may trade at a discount to NAV. |
| ○ | In times of market stress, market makers may step away from their role market making in the Shares and in executing trades, which can lead to differences between the market value of the Shares and the Fund’s NAV. |
| ○ | The market price of the Shares may deviate from the Fund’s NAV, particularly during times of market stress, with the result that investors may pay significantly more or significantly less the Shares than the Fund’s NAV, which is reflected in the bid and ask price for the Shares or in the closing price. |
| ○ | In stressed market conditions, the market for the Shares may become less liquid in response to the deteriorating liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio. This adverse effect on the liquidity of the Shares may, in turn, lead to differences between the market value of the Shares and the Fund’s NAV. |
| ● | Authorized Participant Risk. Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund. The Fund has a limited number of institutions that may act as an Authorized Participant on an agency basis (i.e., on behalf of other market participants). To the extent that Authorized Participants exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem Creation Units, Fund shares may be more likely to trade at a premium or discount to net asset value and possibly face trading halts or delisting. Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened for securities or instruments that have lower trading volumes. |
33
Foreign Investment Risk. The Fund may invest in securities domiciled in countries outside the U.S. and Canada that may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than a fund that invests exclusively in securities of U.S. and Canadian companies. These companies may be subject to additional risks, including political and economic risks, civil conflicts and war, greater volatility, expropriation and nationalization risks, currency fluctuations, higher transaction costs, delayed settlement, and less stringent investor protection and disclosure standards than those of U.S. and Canadian markets.
Large Capitalization Risk. Large-capitalization companies may be less able than smaller capitalization companies to adapt to changing market conditions. Large-capitalization companies may be more mature and subject to more limited growth potential compared with smaller capitalization companies. During different market cycles, the performance of large capitalization companies has trailed the overall performance of the broader securities markets.
Leverage Risk. The use of leverage by the Fund, such as the use of options, will cause the Fund to incur additional expenses and magnify the Fund’s gains or losses.
Management Style Risk. Different types of securities tend to shift into and out of favor with investors depending on market and economic conditions. The returns from the types of investments purchased by the Fund may at times be better or worse than the returns from other types of funds. Each type of investment tends to go through cycles of performing better or worse than the market in general. The performance of the Fund may thus be better or worse than the performance of funds that focus on other types of investments, or that have a broader investment style.
Market and Geopolitical Risk. The increasing interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. Securities in the Fund’s portfolios may underperform due to inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics, terrorism, regulatory events and governmental or quasi-governmental actions. The occurrence of global events similar to those in recent years may result in market volatility and may have long term effects on both the U.S. and global financial markets. An outbreak of an infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 has negatively affected the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, including the United States, the financial health of consumers, borrowers, individual companies and the market in general in significant and unforeseen ways. The future impact of COVID-19 is currently unknown, and it may exacerbate other risks that apply to the Fund. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance, and the performance, liquidity, credit quality and financial underpinnings of the securities in which the Fund invests, and may lead to losses on your investment in the Fund.
Model Risk. Like all quantitative analysis, the Adviser’s investment model carries a risk that the mathematical model used might be based on one or more incorrect assumptions. Rapidly changing and unforeseen market dynamics could also lead to a decrease in short term effectiveness of the adviser’s mathematical model. No assurance can be given that the fund will be successful under all or any market conditions.
Operational Risk. The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or system failures.
Small and Medium Capitalization Risk. The earnings and prospects of small and medium sized companies are more volatile than larger companies and may experience higher failure rates than larger companies. Small and medium sized companies normally have a lower trading volume than larger companies, which may tend to make their market price fall more disproportionately than larger companies in response to selling pressures and may have limited markets, product lines, or financial resources and lack management experience.
34
Underlying Fund Risk. ETFs in which the Fund invests are subject to investment advisory and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund. As a result, the cost of investing in the Fund will be higher than the cost of investing directly in the ETFs and may be higher than other funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds. Each of the ETFs is subject to its own specific risks, but the adviser expects the principal investments risks of such ETFs will be similar to the risks of investing in the Fund.
Investment Adviser: Rareview Capital LLC (the “Adviser”).
Investment Sub-Adviser: GST Management, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser”).
Portfolio Manager-: Neil Azous, Chief Investment Officer and Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, serves as the Fund’s Portfolio Manager and is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares: The Fund will issue and redeem Shares at NAV only in large blocks of 25,000 Shares (each block of Shares is called a “Creation Unit”). Creation Units are issued and redeemed primarily for in-kind for securities. Individual Shares may only be purchased and sold in secondary market transactions through brokers. Except when aggregated in Creation Units in transactions with Authorized Participants, the Shares are not redeemable securities of the Fund.
Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on the Exchange and trade at market prices rather than NAV. Shares of the Fund may trade at a price that is greater than, at, or less than NAV. Performance information regarding the Fund and information regarding its NAV per share can be found at www.rareviewcapital.com.
Tax Information: Dividends and capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund, whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash, are taxable to you at either ordinary income or capital gains tax rates unless you are investing through a tax-free plan. If you are investing through a tax-free plan, you will be taxed upon withdrawal from your account.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE:
| Fund | Investment Objective |
| Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF | The Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF seeks total return with an emphasis on providing current income. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. |
| Rareview Tax Advantaged Income ETF | The Rareview Tax Advantaged Income ETF seeks total return with an emphasis on providing current income, a substantial portion of which will be exempt from federal income taxes. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. |
| Rareview Inflation/Deflation ETF | The Rareview Inflation/Deflation ETF seeks to achieve a rate of return that exceeds the rate of inflation over a business cycle. |
| Rareview Systematic Equity ETF | The Rareview Systematic Equity ETF seeks returns that exceed global developed and emerging markets. |
Each Fund’s investment objective is a non-fundamental policy and may be changed by the Board of Trustees upon 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES:
Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF
The Fund is a “fund of funds” that seeks to achieve its investment objective principally through investments in unaffiliated closed-end funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in fixed income closed-end funds trading at a discount or premium to their underlying net asset value and that pay regular periodic cash distributions.
Closed-end funds are investment companies registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that issue a fixed number of shares through an initial public offering, after which shares will typically be traded on an exchange such as the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) or the Nasdaq National Market System. Unlike open-end investment companies, shares of closed-end funds are not redeemable with the fund on a daily basis. A share in a closed-end fund represents an investment in the underlying assets held by the closed-end fund. A closed-end fund’s value increases or decreases due to various factors, including but not limited to general market conditions, the market’s confidence in the closed-end fund adviser’s ability to generate desired investment returns, and investor confidence in the closed-end fund’s underlying assets. The Adviser seeks to select closed-end funds for the Fund’s portfolio whose shares are trading at a discount or premium relative to their underlying net asset values (“NAV”). A closed-end fund’s shares that are traded on an exchange may be bought or sold at a market price that is lower or higher than the per-share value of the closed-end fund’s underlying assets; when this occurs, the shares are considered to be traded at a discount or premium, respectively. The Fund may generate income in the form of capital gains when the Fund sells shares of a closed-end fund whose shares the Fund initially purchased at discount and whose NAV has subsequently moved closer to the per-share value of its underlying assets. The Fund may also receive income generated from distributions from its holdings in closed-end funds, and may employ a dividend capture strategy in which the Fund purchases shares of a closed-end fund just prior to the ex-dividend date to capture the dividend distribution, then selling it after the dividend is paid.
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In selecting securities for the Fund’s portfolio, the Adviser uses a top-down macro asset allocation approach to select closed-end funds that the Adviser believes will contribute to the achievement of the Fund’s investment objective. Investments in closed-end funds will generally fall within a custom asset class designed by the Adviser to replicate a broader investment class. Such asset classes include:
| (a) | Investment Grade Corporate Bonds: U.S.-registered corporate debt securities rated BB+ or above by at least two credit rating agencies. |
| (b) | High Yield Corporate Bonds: U.S.-registered corporate debt securities rated BB+ or below by at least two credit rating agencies, which are considered speculative grade. |
| (c) | Municipal Bonds: U.S. state or local municipalities issued debt securities backed by either a revenue source or the entity’s general funds. The bonds may or may not be exempt from federal and some state or local taxes. |
| (d) | Convertible Bonds: U.S. corporate bonds that can be exchanged for common stock in the issuing company. |
| (e) | Leveraged Loans: U.S. issued bank loans to speculative grade companies that typically pay a coupon consistent with a variable rate, plus a credit spread. |
| (f) | Mortgage-Backed Securities: Securities issued by participants in housing and commercial real estate finance, as well as other real estate-related markets. |
| (g) | Emerging Market Fixed Income Securities: Securities issued by countries and corporations in emerging markets. The Fund defines emerging markets as countries in the MSCI Emerging Market Index or that we consider to be emerging markets based on our evaluation of their level of economic development or the size and experience of their securities markets. |
| (h) | Aggregate Fixed Income Securities: A combination of emerging market debt securities (sovereign and corporate), U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities, U.S. or foreign corporate debt securities, preferred stocks, and various asset-backed securities. |
| (i) | U.S. High Yielding Equity: Securities issued by U.S.-domiciled companies that include REITs, utilities companies, and preferred stocks. |
Relative concentrations of investments within asset classes, as well as the number of asset classes, may vary depending on market conditions, performance of the asset classes relative to and independent of other asset classes, and the relative risk profiles of the asset classes, among other reasons. The Fund is not required to invest in each of the asset classes at all times.
In order to select closed-end funds for the Fund, the Adviser uses a quantitative approach to measuring the relative value of each closed-end funds in an attempt to find closed-end funds that are trading at a discount or premium to their NAV. Factors involved in this quantitative measuring process include, but are not limited to, the percentage of the discount or premium of the closed-end fund to its underlying asset values and the closed-end fund’s dividend yield.
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While the Fund will invest primarily in closed-end funds, the Fund may invest up to 30% of its assets in ETFs that are representative of an asset class if, in the Adviser’s discretion, the ETFs will provide a better investment opportunity or liquidity for the asset class. The Fund, and the closed-end funds in which the Fund invests, may invest in derivatives, including listed and over-the-counter index futures, options and swaps, for hedging purposes to mitigate interest rate, equity, credit, commodity, currency and volatility risks. The Fund may invest in cash and cash equivalents to offset leverage, credit, and interest rate exposure within the Fund’s holdings in closed-end funds.
While the Fund may sell or reduce its position in a security for a variety of reasons when appropriate and consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies, the Fund generally will sell or reduce its position in a closed-end fund when its discount-to-NAV has reverted to or has moved significantly above its fair value, as determined by the Adviser, and a more favorable holding for the Fund exists. The Fund may also sell or reduce its positions when attempting to rebalance the distribution of Fund assets among asset classes in the interest of affecting the Fund’s relative risk levels and expected returns.
Rareview Tax Advantaged Income ETF
The Fund is a “fund of funds” that seeks to achieve its investment objective principally through investments in unaffiliated closed-end funds that are registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest in municipal bond closed-end funds trading at a discount or premium to their underlying net asset value and that pay regular periodic cash distributions.
Closed-end funds are investment companies registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that issue a fixed number of shares through an initial public offering, after which shares will typically be traded on an exchange such as the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) or the Nasdaq National Market System. Unlike open-end investment companies, shares of closed-end funds are not redeemable with the fund on a daily basis. A share in a closed-end fund represents an investment in the underlying assets held by the closed-end fund. A closed-end fund’s value increases or decreases due to various factors, including but not limited to general market conditions, the market’s confidence in the closed-end fund adviser’s ability to generate desired investment returns, and investor confidence in the closed-end fund’s underlying assets. The Adviser seeks to select closed-end funds for the Fund’s portfolio whose shares are trading at a discount or premium relative to their underlying net asset values (“NAV”). A closed-end fund’s shares that are traded on an exchange may be bought or sold at a market price that is lower or higher than the per-share value of the closed-end fund’s underlying assets; when this occurs, the shares are considered to be traded at a discount or premium, respectively. The Fund may generate income in the form of capital gains when the Fund sells shares of a closed-end fund whose shares the Fund initially purchased at discount and whose NAV has subsequently moved closer to the per-share value of its underlying assets. The Fund may also receive income generated from distributions from its holdings in closed-end funds, and may employ a dividend capture strategy in which the Fund purchases shares of a closed-end fund just prior to the ex-dividend date to capture the dividend distribution, then selling it after the dividend is paid.
While the Fund will invest primarily in closed-end funds, the Fund may invest up to 30% of its assets in ETFs that are representative of municipal bonds if, in the Adviser’s discretion, the ETFs will provide a better investment opportunity or liquidity for the asset class. The Fund, and the closed-end funds in which the Fund invests, may invest in derivatives, including listed and over-the-counter index futures, options and swaps, for hedging purposes to mitigate interest rate, equity, credit, commodity, currency and volatility risks. The Fund may invest in cash and cash equivalents to offset leverage and interest rate exposure within the Fund’s holdings in closed-end funds.
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While the Fund may sell or reduce its position in a security for a variety of reasons when appropriate and consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies, the Fund generally will sell or reduce its position in a closed-end fund when its discount-to-NAV has reverted to or has moved significantly above its fair value, as determined by the Adviser, and a more favorable holding for the Fund exists. The Fund may also sell or reduce its positions when attempting to rebalance the distribution of Fund assets among asset classes in the interest of affecting the Fund’s relative risk levels and expected returns.
Rareview Inflation/Deflation ETF
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund that seeks to achieve its investment objective through investments in inflation-protected U.S. Treasury securities (“TIPS”), exchange traded funds that primarily invest in TIPS, or other U.S. Treasury securities. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective over a business cycle which it defines as approximately 60 months. The Adviser invests the Fund’s assets in TIPS or ETFs that primarily invest in TIPS when the Adviser believes the market is in an inflationary environment. The Adviser invests in U.S. Treasury securities when the Adviser believes the market is in a deflationary environment. TIPS are U.S. government bonds (specifically, Treasury securities) whose principal amount increases with inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) and are designed to protect investors from inflation risk. The Fund may purchase Treasuries or TIPS of any maturity.
The Fund will also either invest in a combination of cash, cash equivalents, and exchange traded and over-the-counter fixed income derivatives based on the Adviser’s outlook on current interest rates. The Fund may invest in any of the following exchange traded and over-the-counter fixed income derivatives:
● U.S. treasury futures (contracts for the purchase and sale of U.S. government notes or bonds for future delivery);
● Options on U.S. treasury futures (contracts that provide the buyer the right (rather than an obligation) to buy or sell the underlying instrument at a predetermined price and expiration date);
● Short-term interest rate futures (contract that derives its value from the interest rate at maturation);
● U.S. interest rate swaps (agreement between two parties to exchange one stream of interest payments for another); and
● Options on inflation-linked benchmarks such as the CPI.
The Adviser selects derivatives based upon its evaluation of relative value based on cost, option strike price (price that the option can be bought or sold by the option holder) and maturity (the last date the option or other contract is valid) and will exercise or close the options and other derivatives based on maturity or portfolio rebalancing requirements. The Adviser anticipates purchasing and selling its derivatives on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis, depending upon the Adviser’s rebalancing strategy and derivatives expiration dates. However, the Adviser may rebalance the Fund’s derivative portfolio on a more frequent basis for a number of reasons such as market volatility or a derivative position has appreciated to the point that the Adviser believes that it is prudent to decrease the Fund’s exposure and realize gains for the Fund’s shareholders.
Rareview Systematic Equity ETF
The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund that seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in exchange traded funds that primarily invest in equity securities of domestic, foreign or emerging market issuers of any market capitalization (“Underlying Equity ETFs”). Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any amounts of borrowings) in Underlying Equity ETFs.
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In investing in Underlying Equity ETFs, the Fund seeks investment exposure to one or more of the following equity sub-strategies: (1) U.S Large Capitalization, (2) U.S. Small Capitalization, (3) Emerging Markets, or (4) Non-U.S. Developed Markets securities (each a “sub-strategy and collectively, the “sub-strategies”).
● U.S. Large Capitalization. The Fund considers a large capitalization securities to be those companies with market capitalizations of $10 billion or more.
● U.S. Small Capitalization. The Fund defines small capitalization companies as those at time of purchase with market capitalizations below $3 billion or in the range of those market capitalizations of companies included in the Russell 2000 Index at the time of purchase.
● Emerging Markets. The Fund considers an emerging market country to include any country that is (1) generally recognized to be an emerging market country by the international financial community, including the World Bank; (2) classified by the United Nations as a developing country; or (3) included in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index. The adviser determines that an investment is tied economically to an emerging market if such investment satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (1) the issuer’s primary trading market is in an emerging market; (2) the issuer is organized under the laws of, derives at least 50% of its revenue from, or has at least 50% of its assets in emerging markets; (3) the investment is included in an index representative of emerging markets; and (4) the investment is exposed to the economic risks and returns of emerging markets.
● Non U.S. Developed Markets. The Fund defines a developed ex-US ETF as one that is comprised of large-, mid- and small-capitalization developed market equities, excluding the U.S. and Canada.
In managing the Fund’s assets, the adviser utilizes the sub-adviser’s quantitative investment system. The sub-adviser’s proprietary system uses multiple data sets, including price, market volatility, and changes in U.S. credit markets, and algorithms to determine how to allocate the Fund’s portfolio amongst the sub-strategies. When the sub-adviser’s quantitative investment system indicates a positive return for the strategy, the Fund will invest up to 133% of the Fund’s portfolio in the Underlying Equity ETFs and equity index futures contracts that represent the sub-strategies. When the sub-adviser’s quantitative investment system indicates a negative return, the adviser will use equity index futures contracts to provide short investment exposure to the applicable sub-strategy. There may be instances when the sub-adviser’s quantitative investment system indicates a negative return for all four sub-strategies, which will result in the Fund’s assets being primarily invested in cash or cash equivalents. The Fund will use futures to increase the Fund’s combined long and short exposure. The use of futures creates leverage, which can magnify the Fund’s potential for gain or loss and, therefore, may amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s net asset value.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RISKS:
The following describes the risks born by each Fund with respect to its investments.
Active Management Risk. The Fund is actively managed using proprietary investment strategies and processes. There can be no guarantee that these strategies and processes will be successful.
Bank Loan Risk. (Dynamic Fixed Income ETF Only) The Fund’s investments in other funds may indirectly subject the Fund to the risks associated with bank loans to the extent those funds invest in bank loans. In making investments in such loans, which are made by banks or other financial intermediaries to borrowers, a fund will depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower, whose financial condition may be troubled or highly leveraged, for payment of principal and interest. If a fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, such fund’s share price could be adversely affected. The Fund may invest in loans that are rated by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization or are unrated, and may invest in loans of any credit quality, including “distressed” companies with respect to which there is a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested. In addition, certain bank loans in which a Fund may invest may be illiquid and, therefore, difficult to value and/or sell at a price that is beneficial to the fund. The Fund, as a participant in a loan, has no direct claim on the loan and would be a creditor of the lender, and not the borrower, in the event of a borrower’s insolvency or default. Transactions in many loans settle on a delayed basis, and a fund may not receive the proceeds from the sale of a loan for a substantial period after the sale (i.e., more than seven days after the sale). As a result, sale proceeds related to the sale of loans may not be available to make additional investments until potentially a substantial period after the sale of the loans. In addition, loans are not registered under the federal securities laws like stocks and bonds, so investors in loans have less protection against improper practices than investors in registered securities.
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Cash and Cash Equivalents Risk. The Fund may hold cash or cash equivalents. Generally, such positions offer less potential for gain than other investments. Holding cash or cash equivalents, even strategically, may lead to missed investment opportunities. This is particularly true when the market for other investments in which a Fund may invest is rapidly rising. If a Fund holds cash uninvested it will be subject to the credit risk of the depositing institution holding the cash.
Closed-End Fund Risk. Closed-end funds involve investment risks different from those associated with other investment companies. Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at either a premium or discount relative to their NAV. When the Fund purchases shares of a closed-end fund at a discount to its NAV, there can be no assurance that the discount will decrease. In fact, it is possible that this market discount may increase and the Fund may suffer realized or unrealized capital losses due to further decline in the market price of the securities of such closed-end funds, thereby adversely affecting the NAV of the Fund’s shares. Similarly, there can be no assurance that any shares of a closed-end fund purchased by the Fund at a premium will continue to trade at a premium or that the premium will not decrease subsequent to a purchase of such shares by the Fund. Many closed-end funds also utilize leverage, which will expose the Fund to greater risk of significant changes in share prices of the closed-end funds’ share prices, and will require payment of leverage interest or dividend expenses, reducing the closed-end fund’s overall return. Closed-end funds also expose the Fund to illiquidity risks because closed-end funds may have smaller market capitalizations than other exchange-traded investments.
| (j) | Anti-Takeover Measures Risk. Certain closed-end funds may have provisions in their organizational documents intended to limit the ability of third parties to acquire control or change the composition of the closed-end fund’s board. This may discourage a third party from seeking to obtain control of the closed-end fund, which could limit the ability of closed-end fund shareholders to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices. |
Control of Underlying Fund Risk. Although each Fund and the Adviser will evaluate regularly each closed-end fund to determine whether its investment program is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser will not have any control over the investments made by a closed-end fund. The investment adviser to each closed-end fund may change aspects of its investment strategies at any time. The Adviser will not have the ability to control or otherwise influence the composition of the investment portfolio of a closed-end fund.
Convertible Bond Risk. Convertible securities subject the Fund to the risks associated with both fixed-income securities and equity securities. If a convertible security’s investment value is greater than its conversion value, its price likely increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. If the conversion value exceeds the investment value, the price of the convertible security will tend to fluctuate directly with the price of the underlying equity security.
Derivatives Risk. Through its hedging strategies or through its investments in other funds, each Fund may be subject to the risks of investing in derivative securities. The use of derivatives involves the risk that their value may not move as expected relative to the value of the relevant underlying assets, rates, or indices. A Fund may invest in derivatives for hedging purposes. Hedging against a decline in the value of a portfolio position does not eliminate fluctuations in the values of portfolio positions or prevent losses if the values of such positions decline, but establishes other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thus potentially offsetting a decline in the portfolio positions’ value. Such hedging transactions also limit the opportunity for gain if the value of the portfolio position should increase. Moreover, it may not be possible for a Fund to hedge against an exchange rate, interest rate or security price fluctuation that is so generally anticipated that the Fund is not able to enter into a hedging transaction at a price sufficient to protect its assets from the decline in value of the portfolio positions anticipated as a result of such fluctuations.
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Each Fund is not required to attempt to hedge portfolio positions and, for various reasons, may determine not to do so. Furthermore, a Fund may not anticipate a particular risk so as to hedge against it. While a Fund may enter into hedging transactions to seek to reduce risk, such transactions may result in a poorer overall performance for a Fund than if a Fund had not engaged in any such hedging transaction. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio position being hedged may vary. For a variety of reasons, a Fund may not seek to establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Such imperfect correlation may prevent a Fund from achieving the intended hedge or expose a Fund to risk of loss. The successful utilization of hedging and risk management transactions requires skills complementary to those needed in the selection of a Fund’s portfolio holdings.
Derivatives can be volatile. Volatility is defined as the characteristic of a security, an index or a market to fluctuate significantly in price within a short time period. Fluctuations in a derivative’s value may not correlate with the overall securities markets. Derivatives may be subject to liquidity and counterparty credit risk and may entail investment exposure greater than their notional amount. Future regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the availability of derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives.
| (k) | Counterparty Credit Risk. The stability and liquidity of certain derivative transactions depends in large part on the creditworthiness of the parties to the transactions. If there is a default by the counterparty to such a transaction, there may be contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. However, exercising such contractual rights may involve delays or costs which could result in the value of a Fund being less than if the transaction had not been entered into. Furthermore, there is a risk that any of such counterparties could become insolvent and/or the subject of insolvency proceedings. If counterparty becomes insolvent or the subject of insolvency proceedings in the United States (either under the Securities Investor Protection Act or the United States Bankruptcy Code), there exists the risk that the recovery of a Fund’s securities and other assets from such prime broker or broker-dealer will be delayed or be of a value less than the value of the securities or assets originally entrusted to such prime broker or broker-dealer. |
| (l) | Swaps. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns earned on specified assets, such as the return on, or increase in value of, a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular non-U.S. currency, or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index. The use of swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques, risk analyses, and tax planning different from those associated with ordinary securities transactions. Swaps may be difficult to value and may be considered illiquid. Swaps create significant investment leverage such that a relatively small price movement in a swap may result in immediate and substantial loss. A Fund may only close out a swap with its particular counterparty, and may only transfer a position with the consent of that counterparty. If a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations, goes bankrupt, or otherwise experiences a business interruption, a Fund could miss investment opportunities or otherwise hold investments it would prefer to sell, resulting in losses for the Fund. If the counterparty defaults, a Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that the Fund will be able to enforce its rights. Certain swaps have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. |
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| (m) | Futures. Futures contracts markets are highly volatile and are influenced by a variety of factors, including national and international political and economic developments. In addition, because of the low margin deposits normally required in futures trading, a high degree of leverage is typical of a futures trading account. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in substantial losses to a Fund. Moreover, futures positions are marked to market each day and variation margin payment must be paid to or by a Fund. Positions in futures contracts may be closed out only on the exchange on which they were entered into or through a linked exchange, and no secondary market exists for such contracts. Although a Fund typically will enter into futures contracts only if an active market exists for the contracts, no assurance can be given that an active market will exist for the contracts at any particular time. Certain futures exchanges do not permit trading in particular futures contracts at prices that represent a fluctuation in price during a single day’s trading beyond certain set limits. If prices fluctuate during a single day’s trading beyond those limits, the Fund could be prevented from promptly liquidating unfavorable positions and thus be subjected to substantial losses. |
Dividend Risk. Each Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives depends in part upon the Adviser’s ability to anticipate the dividend policies of closed-end funds and the underlying companies in which a Fund invests. It is difficult to anticipate the level of dividends that closed end funds will pay in any given time frame. When the Fund employs dividend capture strategies the Adviser is required to identify and exploit opportunities such as the announcement of major corporate actions, including restructuring initiatives or a special dividend, that may lead to a high level of current dividend income. These situations are typically not recurring in nature or frequency, may be difficult to predict, and may not result in an opportunity that allows the Adviser to fulfill the Fund’s investment objective. In addition, the dividend policies of closed-end funds may be influenced by current economic conditions and favorable U.S. federal tax treatment afforded to dividends. Challenging economic conditions, affecting the general market, an asset class or a specific closed- end fund in a Fund’s portfolio, may limit the opportunity to benefit from the current dividend policies of the closed-end funds in which a Fund invests or may cause such closed-end funds to reduce or eliminate their dividends. In addition, a change in the favorable provisions of the U.S. federal tax laws may limit the Fund’s ability to benefit from dividend increases or special dividends, may cause a widespread reduction in announced dividends and may adversely impact the valuation of the shares of closed-end funds, or the entities in which they invest. The use of dividend capture strategies will expose the Fund to increased trading costs and potential for capital loss or gain, particularly in the event of significant short-term price movements of investments subject to dividend capture trading.
Early Close/Trading Halt Risk. An exchange or market may close or issue trading halts on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may prevent a Fund from buying or selling certain securities or financial instruments. In these circumstances, a Fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments and may incur substantial trading losses.
ETF Structure Risks. Each Fund is structured as an ETF and as a result is subject to special risks, including:
| (a) | Not Individually Redeemable. The Fund’s shares (“Shares”) are not redeemable by retail investors and may be redeemed only by Authorized Participants at net asset value (“NAV”) and only in Creation Units. A retail investor generally incurs brokerage costs when selling shares. |
| (b) | Trading Issues. Trading in Shares on the CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”) may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable, such as extraordinary market volatility. There can be no assurance that Shares will continue to meet the listing requirements of the Exchange which may result in the Shares being delisted. An active trading market for the Shares may not be developed or maintained. If the Shares are traded outside a collateralized settlement system, the number of financial institutions that can act as Authorized Participants that can post collateral on an agency basis is limited, which may limit the market for the Shares. |
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| (c) | Market Price Variance Risk. The market prices of Shares will fluctuate in response to changes in NAV and supply and demand for Shares and will include a “bid-ask spread” charged by the exchange specialists, market makers or other participants that trade the Shares. There may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. This means that Shares may trade at a discount to NAV. |
| (a) | In times of market stress, market makers may step away from their role market making in the Shares and in executing trades, which can lead to differences between the market value of the Shares and the Fund’s NAV. |
| (b) | The market price of the Shares may deviate from the Fund’s NAV, particularly during times of market stress, with the result that investors may pay significantly more or significantly less the Shares than the Fund’s NAV, which is reflected in the bid and ask price for the Shares or in the closing price. |
| (c) | In stressed market conditions, the market for the Shares may become less liquid in response to the deteriorating liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio. This adverse effect on the liquidity of the Shares may, in turn, lead to differences between the market value of the Shares and the Fund’s NAV. |
| (a) | Authorized Participant Risk. Only an Authorized Participant may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund. The Fund has a limited number of institutions that may act as an Authorized Participant on an agency basis (i.e., on behalf of other market participants). To the extent that Authorized Participants exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem Creation Units, Fund shares may be more likely to trade at a premium or discount to net asset value and possibly face trading halts or delisting. Authorized Participant concentration risk may be heightened for securities or instruments that have lower trading volumes. |
Foreign Securities Risk. (Dynamic Fixed Income ETF) The Fund may be indirectly exposed to the risks of foreign securities through its investments in other funds. Investments in foreign securities are subject to special risks above and beyond those normally associated with domestic securities. Foreign securities can be more volatile than domestic securities. Securities markets of other countries are generally smaller than domestic securities markets. Many foreign securities may be less liquid than domestic securities, which could affect the Fund’s investments. The exchange rates between U.S. dollar and foreign currencies might fluctuate, which could negatively affect the value of a fund’s investments.
Foreign securities are also subject to higher political, social and economic risks than those of domestic issuers. These risks include, but are not limited to, a downturn in the country’s economy, excessive taxation, political instability, and expropriation of assets by foreign governments. Compared to the U.S., foreign governments and markets often have less stringent accounting, disclosure, and financial reporting requirements.
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| (b) | Emerging Markets Securities. Investments in the securities of issuers within emerging markets are subject to the risks of foreign securities, as well as additional risks. These risks include less social, political and economic stability; smaller securities markets with low or nonexistent trading volume and greater illiquidity and price volatility; more restrictive national policies on foreign investment, including restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; less transparent and established taxation policies; less developed regulatory or legal structures governing private and foreign investment; less financial sophistication, creditworthiness, and/or resources possessed by, and less government regulation of, the financial institutions and issuers with which a fund transacts; less government supervision and regulation of business and industry practices, stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies than in the U.S.; greater concentration in a few industries resulting in greater vulnerability to regional and global trade conditions; higher rates of inflation and more rapid and extreme fluctuations in inflation rates; greater sensitivity to interest rate changes; increased volatility in currency exchange rates and potential for currency devaluations and/or currency controls; greater debt burdens relative to the size of the economy; more delays in settling portfolio transactions and heightened risk of loss from share registration and custody practices; and less assurance that recent favorable economic developments will not be slowed or reversed by unanticipated economic, political or social events in such countries. Because of these risk factors, a closed-end fund’s investments in developing market countries are subject to greater price volatility and illiquidity than investments in developed markets. |
High Yield Fixed Income Securities. A Fund’s investments in high yield securities and unrated securities of similar credit quality (commonly known as “junk bonds”) may subject the Fund to greater levels of credit and liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in such securities. While offering a greater potential opportunity for capital appreciation and higher yields, high yield securities typically entail greater potential price volatility and may be less liquid than higher-rated securities. These securities are considered predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments. They may also be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher-rated securities. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for these securities and reduce an underlying fund’s ability to sell these securities (liquidity risk). If the issuer of a security is in default with respect to interest or principal payments, a fund may lose its entire investment.
Illiquidity Risk. Certain of the Fund’s investments may not be readily sold at the desired time or price, and may be sold at a lower price or may not have a sufficient market to be sold at all. An inability to sell securities can adversely affect the value of the Fund or prevent the Fund from taking advantage of other investment opportunities. Also, an inability to sell securities may affect the Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests. In certain circumstances, it may be difficult for the Fund to purchase and sell particular portfolio investments in closed-end funds due to infrequent trading in such investments. The prices of such investments may experience significant volatility, make it more difficult for the Fund to transact significant amounts of such investments without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices, or make it difficult for the Adviser to dispose of such investments at a fair price or at the time the Adviser believes it is desirable to do so. Closed-end funds that are liquid investments may become illiquid or less liquid after purchase by the Fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil or economic uncertainty. Illiquid and relatively less liquid investments may be harder to value. The Fund is limited to investing only up to 15% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in illiquid securities.
Leverage Risk. Although the Fund will not itself employ leverage, the underlying holdings will often employ leverage, subject to investment company limits set forth by the SEC. There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed.
Management Style Risk. Different types of securities tend to shift into and out of favor with investors depending on market and economic conditions. The returns from the types of investments purchased by the Fund (e.g., closed-end funds which pay regular periodic cash distributions) may at times be better or worse than the returns from other types of funds. Each type of investment tends to go through cycles of performing better or worse than the market in general. The performance of the Fund may thus be better or worse than the performance of funds that focus on other types of investments, or that have a broader investment style.
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Market and Geopolitical Risk. The increasing interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. Securities in the Funds’ portfolios may underperform due to inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters, climate change and climate-related events, pandemics, epidemics, terrorism, regulatory events and governmental or quasi-governmental actions. The occurrence of global events similar to those in recent years may result in market volatility and may have long term effects on both the U.S. and global financial markets. An outbreak of an infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 has negatively affected the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, including the United States, the financial health of consumers, borrowers, individual companies and the market in general in significant and unforeseen ways. The future impact of COVID-19 is currently unknown, and it may exacerbate other risks that apply to the Fund. Any such impact could adversely affect the Fund’s performance, and the performance, liquidity, credit quality and financial underpinnings of the securities in which the Fund invests, and may lead to losses on your investment in the Fund.
Money Market Mutual Fund Risk. Each Fund may invest in money market mutual funds in order to manage its cash component. An investment in a money market mutual fund is not insured or guaranteed by a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Although such funds seek to preserve the value of a Fund’s investment at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in a money market mutual fund.
Mortgage Backed Securities Risk. (Dynamic Fixed Income ETF) Prepayment risk is associated with mortgage-backed. If interest rates fall, the underlying debt may be repaid ahead of schedule, reducing the value of the Underlying Fund’s investments. If interest rates rise, there may be fewer prepayments, which would cause the average bond maturity to rise, increasing the potential for the Underlying Fund to lose money. The value of these securities may be significantly affected by changes in interest rates, the market’s perception of issuers, and the creditworthiness of the parties involved. The ability of the Underlying Fund to successfully utilize these instruments may depend on the ability of the Adviser’s ability to forecast interest rates and other economic factors correctly. These securities may have a structure that makes their reaction to interest rate changes and other factors difficult to predict, making their value highly volatile. Certain mortgage-backed securities may be secured by pools of mortgages on single-family, multi-family properties, as well as commercial properties. Similarly, asset backed securities may be secured by pools of loans, such as student loans, automobile loans and credit card receivables. The credit risk on such securities is affected by homeowners or borrowers defaulting on their loans. The values of assets underlying mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may decline and, therefore, may not be adequate to cover underlying investors. Mortgage-backed securities and other securities issued by participants in housing and commercial real estate finance, as well as other real estate-related markets have experienced extraordinary weakness and volatility in recent years. Possible legislation in the area of residential mortgages, credit cards and other loans that may collateralize the securities in which the Underlying Fund may invest could negatively impact the value of the Underlying Fund’s investments. To the extent the Underlying Fund focuses its investments in particular types of mortgage-backed, the Underlying Fund may be more susceptible to risk factors affecting such types of securities.
Municipal Bond Risk. The value of municipal bonds that depend on a specific revenue source or general revenue source to fund their payment obligations may fluctuate as a result of changes in the cash flows generated by the revenue source(s) or changes in the priority of the municipal obligation to receive the cash flows generated by the revenue source(s). In addition, changes in federal tax laws or the activity of an issuer may adversely affect the tax-exempt status of municipal bonds. Investments in inverse floating rate securities typically involve greater risk than investments in municipal bonds of comparable maturity and credit quality and their values are more volatile than municipal bonds due to the leverage they entail.
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Operational Risk. The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or system failures.
Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund may turn over its portfolio investments for a variety of reasons, including for asset allocation rebalances, changes in a closed-end fund’s valuation, temporary defensive positions, dividend capture strategies, or short-term trading strategies. Investments may be sold when, in the opinion of the Adviser, investment considerations warrant such action, without regard to the length of time held. These policies, together with the ability of the Fund to effect short sales of securities and to engage in transactions in derivatives, may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s annual rate of portfolio turnover. If investments are not held for the applicable holding periods, dividends paid on them will not qualify for advantageous U.S. federal tax rates.
Quantitative Model Risk. Securities or other investments selected using quantitative methods may perform differently from the market as a whole. There can be no assurance that these methodologies will enable the Fund to achieve its objective.
Sector Risk. A Fund’s assets may be concentrated in a particular sector or sectors. To the extend that a Fund is concentrated in a particular sector or sectors, a Fund will be subject to the risk that the economic, political or other conditions that have a negative effect on those sectors may negatively impact the Fund to a greater extent than if a Fund’s assets were in a wider variety of sectors.
Short Sales Risk. Selling securities short creates the risk of losing an amount greater than the amount invested. Short selling is subject to the theoretically unlimited risk of loss because there is no limit on how much the price of a stock may appreciate before the short position is closed out. A short sale may result in a sudden and substantial loss if, for example, an acquisition proposal is made for the subject company at a substantial premium over the market price.
Tax Risk. There is no guarantee that the Fund’s income will be exempt from U.S. federal or state income taxes. Events occurring after the date of issuance of a municipal bond or after the Fund’s acquisition of a municipal bond may result in a determination that interest on that bond is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes retroactively to its date of issuance. Such a determination may cause a portion of prior distributions by the Fund to its shareholders to be taxable to those shareholders in the year of receipt. Federal or state changes in income or alternative minimum tax rates or in the tax treatment of municipal bonds may make municipal bonds less attractive as investments and cause them to lose value.
Underlying Fund Risk. ETFs in which the Fund invests are subject to investment advisory and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Fund. As a result, the cost of investing in the Fund will be higher than the cost of investing directly in the ETFs and may be higher than other funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds. Each of the ETFs is subject to its own specific risks, but the adviser expects the principal investments risks of such ETFs will be similar to the risks of investing in the Fund.
| (c) | Municipal Securities Risk. Municipal securities are subject to the risk that litigation, legislation or other political events, local business or economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, or the bankruptcy of the issuer could have a significant effect on an issuer’s ability to make payments of principal and/or interest or otherwise affect the value of such securities. Certain municipalities may have difficulty meeting their obligations due to, among other reasons, changes in underlying demographics. Municipal securities can be significantly affected by political changes as well as uncertainties in the municipal market related to government regulation, taxation, legislative changes or the rights of municipal security holders. Because many municipal securities are issued to finance similar projects, especially those relating to education, health care, transportation, utilities and water and sewer, conditions in those sectors can affect the overall municipal market. Municipal securities may include revenue bonds, which are generally backed by revenue from a specific project or tax. The issuer of a revenue bond makes interest and principal payments from revenues generated from a particular source or facility, such as a tax on particular property or revenues generated from a municipal water or sewer utility or an airport. Revenue bonds generally are not backed by the full faith and credit and general taxing power of the issuer. The market for municipal bonds may be less liquid than for taxable bonds. There may be less information available on the financial condition of issuers of municipal securities than for public corporations |
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| (a) | Market Risk. The prices of the securities in the Underlying Funds are subject to the risks associated with investing in municipal securities, including general economic conditions and sudden and unpredictable drops in value. An investment in the Fund may lose money. |
| (b) | Call Risk. CEFs and ETFs (“Underlying Funds”) that the Funds may invest in callable bonds. If interest rates fall, it is possible that issuers of callable securities will “call” (or prepay) their bonds before their maturity date. If a call were exercised by the issuer during or following a period of declining interest rates, the Fund is likely to have to replace such called security with a lower yielding security or securities with greater risks or other less favorable features. If that were to happen, it would decrease the Fund’s net investment income. |
| (c) | Duration Risk. Longer-term securities may be more sensitive to interest rate changes. Given the recent, historically low interest rates and the potential for increases in those rates, a heightened risk is posed by rising interest rates to a fund whose portfolios include longer-term fixed income securities. Duration is the measure of the sensitivity of a debt security to changes in market interest rates. For example, if interest rates increase by 1%, a fixed income security with a duration of two years will decrease in value by approximately 2%. |
| (a) | Extension Risk. The risk that if interest rates rise, repayments of principal on certain debt securities may occur at a slower rate than expected and the expected maturity of those securities could lengthen as a result. Securities that are subject to extension risk generally have a greater potential for loss when prevailing interest rates rise, which could cause their values to fall sharply. |
| (b) | Interest rate Risk. The risk that debt instruments will change in value (either positively or negatively) because of changes in interest rates. Generally, a fixed-income security will increase in value when prevailing interest rates fall and decrease in value when prevailing interest rates rise. Longer-term securities are generally more sensitive to interest rate changes than shorter-term securities, but they generally offer higher yields to compensate investors for the associated risks. The phase out of LIBOR (the offered rate for short-term Eurodollar deposits between major international banks) by the end of 2021 could lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in certain markets that currently rely on LIBOR to determine interest rates. |
| (c) | Prepayment Risk. The risk that the issuer of a debt security repays all or a portion of the principal prior to the security’s maturity therefore resulting in lower yields to shareholders of the Fund. The Fund may be unable to re-invest the proceeds in an investment with as great a yield. |
| (d) | Non-Diversified Risk. Some of the Underlying Funds may invest a relatively high percentage of their assets in a smaller number of issuers or may invest a larger proportion of their assets in the obligations of a single issuer. Moreover, the gains and losses on an investment in such an Underlying Fund may have a greater impact on the Fund’s NAV and may make the value of the Fund’s investment in such an Underlying Fund more volatile than an investment in more diversified Underlying Funds. |
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| (e) | Risk of Investment Restrictions. The Fund is subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act that limit the amount that the Fund and its affiliates, in the aggregate, can invest in the outstanding voting securities of any one Underlying Fund. The Fund and its affiliates may not acquire “control” of an Underlying Fund, which is presumed once ownership of an Underlying Fund’s outstanding voting securities exceeds 25%. This limitation could inhibit the Fund’s ability to purchase one or more Underlying Funds. |
| (f) | Credit Risk. Bonds are subject to credit risk. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer or guarantor of a security will be unable and/or unwilling to make timely interest payments and/or repay the principal on its debt or to otherwise honor its obligations and/or default completely. Bonds are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, depending on the issuer’s financial condition and on the terms of the securities, which may be reflected in credit ratings. There is a possibility that the credit rating of a bond may be downgraded after purchase or the perception of an issuer’s credit worthiness may decline, which may adversely affect the value of the security. |
| (a) | U.S. Credit Ratings. The rating criteria and methodology used by U.S. rating agencies may not be fully transparent and such ratings may not accurately reflect the risk of investing in such instruments. |
| (b) | Foreign Credit Ratings. (Dynamic Fixed Income ETF Only) The rating criteria and methodology used by foreign rating agencies may be different from those adopted by most of the established US credit rating agencies. Therefore, such rating systems may not provide an equivalent standard for comparison with securities rated by US credit rating agencies. The rating criteria and methodology used by foreign credit ratings agencies also may not be fully transparent and such ratings may not accurately reflect the risk of investing in such instruments. |
| (a) | State Risk. (Tax Advantaged Income ETF Only) The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in municipal obligations of issuers located in a particular state. Consequently, the Fund may be affected by political, economic, regulatory and other developments within that state and by the financial condition of that state’s political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities and public authorities. |
| (b) | Special Tax Bond Risk. (Tax Advantaged Income ETF Only) The Fund will be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition and performance of special tax bonds. Special tax bonds are usually backed and payable through a single tax, or series of special taxes such as incremental property taxes. The failure of the tax levy to generate adequate revenue to pay the debt service on the bonds may cause the value of the bonds to decline. Adverse conditions and developments affecting a. particular project may result in lower revenues to the issuer of the municipal securities, which may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s portfolio. |
| (c) | Transportation Bond Risk. (Tax Advantaged Income ETF Only) The Fund will be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition and performance of transportation bonds. Transportation bonds may be issued to finance the construction of airports, toll roads, highways or other transit facilities. Airport bonds are dependent on the general stability of the airline industry and on the stability of a specific carrier who uses the airport as a hub. Air traffic generally follows broader economic trends and is also affected by the price and availability of fuel. Toll road bonds are also affected by the cost and availability of fuel as well as toll levels, the presence of competing roads and the general economic health of an area. Fuel costs and availability also affect other transportation related securities, as do the presence of alternate forms of transportation, such as public transportation. |
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| (d) | Water and Sewer Bond Risk. (Tax Advantaged Income ETF Only) The Fund will be sensitive to, and its performance may depend to a greater extent on, the overall condition and performance of water and sewer bonds. Water and sewer revenue bonds are often considered to have relatively secure credit as a result of their issuer’s importance, monopoly status and generally unimpeded ability to raise rates. Despite this, lack of water supply due to insufficient rain, run off or snow pack is a concern that has led to past defaults. Further, public resistance to rate increases, costly environmental litigation and federal environmental mandates are challenges faced by issuers of water and sewer bonds. |
U.S. Treasury Futures Contracts Hedge Risk. The Adviser, as it deems appropriate intends to hedge against interest rate risk by short selling U.S. Treasury futures contracts. To the extent the Fund holds such short positions, should market conditions cause U.S. Treasury prices to rise, the Fund’s portfolio could experience a loss; and should U.S. Treasury prices rise at the same time municipal bond and/or closed-end municipal bond fund prices fall, these losses will be greater than if the hedging strategy had not been in place. The hedging strategy depends on market conditions and the judgment of the Adviser, and there is no guarantee that the success of the hedging strategy will be successful in mitigating interest rate risk or preventing losses to the Fund’s portfolio.
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE POSITIONS: The Funds, as well as the underlying investment companies in which each Fund’s invests, may, from time to time, take temporary or defensive positions that are inconsistent with a Fund’s principal investment strategies in an attempt to respond to adverse or unstable market, economic, political, or other conditions, when the Adviser deems it appropriate to do so. During such an unusual set of circumstances, a Fund (or its underlying investment companies) may hold up to 100% of its portfolio in cash or cash equivalent positions. Cash equivalents are highly liquid, short-term securities, such as commercial paper, time deposits, certificates of deposit, short-term notes and short-term U.S. Government obligations. When the Fund (or its underlying investment companies) takes a temporary or defensive position, the Fund may not be able to pursue or achieve its investment objective and could miss favorable market developments.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE: A description of the Funds’ policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is available in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
CYBERSECURITY: The computer systems, networks and devices used by the Funds and their service providers to carry out routine business operations employ a variety of protections designed to prevent damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches. Despite the various protections utilized by the Funds and their service providers, systems, networks, or devices potentially can be breached. Each Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of a cybersecurity breach.
Cybersecurity breaches can include unauthorized access to systems, networks, or devices; infection from computer viruses or other malicious software code; and attacks that shut down, disable, slow, or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes, or website access or functionality. Cybersecurity breaches may cause disruptions and impact each Fund’s business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses; interference with each Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV; impediments to trading; the inability of each Fund, the Adviser, and other service providers to transact business; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs; as well as the inadvertent release of confidential information.
Similar adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity breaches affecting issuers of securities in which the Funds invest; counterparties with which the Funds engage in transactions; governmental and other regulatory authorities; exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies, and other financial institutions (including financial intermediaries and service providers for a Fund’s shareholders); and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred by these entities in order to prevent any cybersecurity breaches in the future.
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MANAGEMENT
INVESTMENT ADVISER: Rareview Capital LLC, located at 1980 Festival Plaza Drive, Suite 300, Las Vegas, NV 89135, serves as Adviser to each Fund. The Adviser is an SEC-registered investment advisory firm formed in 2016, and as of September 30, 2022 had approximately $140 million in assets under management. Subject to the oversight of the Board, the Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. The Adviser also furnishes the Fund with office space and certain administrative services and provides most of the personnel needed to fulfill its obligations under its investment advisory agreement. For its services, the Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF pays the Adviser a monthly management fee that is calculated at the annual rate of 0.97% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Rareview Tax Advantaged Income ETF pays the Adviser a monthly management fee that is calculated at the annual rate of 0.75% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Rareview Inflation/Deflation ETF pays the Adviser a monthly management fee that is calculated at 0.73% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Rareview Systematic Equity ETF pays the Adviser a monthly management fee of 1.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, the Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF paid the Adviser 0.97% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, the Rareview Tax Advantaged Income ETF paid the Adviser (net of fee waivers) 0.49% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. For the period January 5, 2022, through September 30, 2022, the Rareview Inflation/Deflation ETF paid the Adviser (net of fee waivers) 0.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. For the period January 20, 2022, through September 30, 2022, the Rareview Systematic Equity ETF paid the Adviser (net of fee waivers) 0.14% of the Fund’s average daily net assets.
In addition, the Adviser has contractually agreed to waive a portion or all of its management fees and/or reimburse each Fund’s expenses until at least January 31, 2024, to ensure that Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses after fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement (excluding front-end or contingent deferred loads, Rule 12b-1 fees, shareholder servicing fees, acquired fund fees and expenses, taxes, leverage/borrowing interest, interest expense, dividends on securities sold short, brokerage or other transactional expenses and extraordinary expenses) will not exceed 1.50% of the daily average net assets of the Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF, 1.25% of the daily average net assets of the Rareview Tax Advantaged Income ETF, 0.97% of the daily average net assets of the Rareview Inflation/Deflation ETF, and 1.35% of the daily average net assets of the Rareview Systematic Equity ETF (the “Expense Cap”). Each Expense Cap will remain in effect through at least January 31, 2024, and may be terminated at any time upon 60 days’ written notice by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”). The Adviser may request recoupment of previously waived fees and reimbursed Fund expenses from the applicable Fund for three years from the date they were waived or reimbursed, provided that after payment of the recoupment, the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses do not exceed the lesser of the Expense Cap: (i) in effect at the time of the waiver or reimbursement; or (ii) in effect at the time of recoupment.
Each Fund, as a series of the Trust, does not hold itself out as related to any other series of the Trust for purposes of investment and investor services, nor does it share the same investment advisor with any other series of the Trust. A discussion regarding the Board’s approval of the Adviser’s management agreement is available in the Funds’ semi-annual report to shareholders dated March 31, 2022.
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PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
Each Fund’s portfolio is managed on a day-to-day basis by Neil Azous and Michael Sedacca. Mr. Azous has served as each Fund’s portfolio manager since October 2020 and Mr. Sedacca has served as a portfolio manager since February 1, 2022.
Mr. Azous is the Founder, Managing Member, and Chief Investment Officer of Rareview Capital LLC, which was formed in 2016. Neil heads the firm’s investment team and oversees all portfolio and risk management activities. Neil also serves as the Portfolio Manager to Rareview Funds. Before founding Rareview Capital, Neil was the Founder and Managing Member of Rareview Macro LLC, an independent research and consulting firm. Prior to founding Rareview Macro, Neil was a Managing Director at Navigate Advisors where he specialized in constructing portfolios and advising on risk. On Wall Street, his career included roles at UBS Investment Bank and Donaldson Lufkin & Jenrette, where his responsibilities comprised of trading derivatives, hedging solutions, asset allocation, and fundamental securities analysis. He began his career at Goldman Sachs in Fixed Income, after completing both the firm’s Analyst and Associate training programs. Neil completed graduate-level coursework for an MS in Real Estate at New York University and received his BA in Business Administration from the University of Washington, where he was the recipient of the Bothell Business School 2013 Distinguished Undergraduate Alumnus Award. He is active in various charity and community organizations.
Mr. Sedacca is a Portfolio Manager at Rareview Capital LLC, which was formed in 2016. Michael is a member of the investment team. His responsibilities include portfolio management, research, and trading. Michael also serves as the Portfolio Manager to Rareview Funds. Before Rareview Capital, Michael was a Senior Investment Analyst at Rareview Macro LLC, an independent research and consulting firm. Prior to Rareview Macro, he was responsible for managing the research platform at T3 Live, a premier financial publishing company that specializes in propriety trading and education. Michael completed coursework at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill where he played collegiate golf.
The SAI provides additional information about each Portfolio Manager’s compensation, other accounts managed and ownership of Fund shares.
PORTFOLIO MANAGER PRIOR PERFORMANCE
Mr. Azous previously served as the portfolio manager for over 3 years for a mutual fund (the “Prior Fund”) which had substantially similar objectives and strategies as currently used to manage the Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF. Mr. Azous was the manager for the Prior Fund from November 1, 2016 to October 31, 2020. The following table sets forth performance data relating to the historical performance of the Prior Fund during the period in which Mr. Azous served as the portfolio manager. The performance data, which has been supplied by the Adviser, is provided to illustrate the past performance of Mr. Azous in managing a mutual fund with substantially similar investment strategies. This performance of the Prior Fund does not represent the performance of the Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF. For certain, but not all, periods during the time frame in which Mr. Azous served as portfolio manager, the Prior Fund’s expenses were higher than those of the Dynamic Fixed Income ETF. Accordingly, with the Dynamic Fixed Income ETF expense structure, the performance during such periods would have been higher than it was. During the periods in which the Prior Fund’s expenses were lower than the Dynamic Fixed Income ETF, performance of the Prior Fund would have been lower than depicted due to the Fund’s higher expenses. The table shows how the performance for the Prior Fund varied during 1-, 3-, and since-inception periods. The Prior Fund’s past performance is not necessarily an indication of how the Dynamic Fixed Income ETF will perform in the future.
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The table shows the average annual returns for the Prior Fund over various periods ended December 31, 2019.
Prior Fund
Average Annual Total Returns
(For periods ended December 31, 2019)
| 1 Year | 3 Years | Since Inception | |
| Prior Fund | 14.53% | 6.05% | 6.19% |
* Mr. Azous began serving as portfolio manager of the Prior Fund on November 1, 2016, the date of the Prior Fund’s inception.
HOW SHARES ARE PRICED
The NAV of each Fund is determined at the close of regular trading (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day the Exchange is open for business. NAV is computed by determining, the aggregate market value of all assets of the applicable Fund, less its liabilities, divided by the total number of shares outstanding ((assets-liabilities)/number of shares = NAV). The Exchange is closed on weekends and New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day (“Exchange Close”). The NAV takes into account, the expenses and fees of each Fund, including management, administration, and distribution fees, which are accrued daily. The determination of NAV for each Fund for a particular day is applicable to all applications for the purchase of shares, as well as all requests for the redemption of creation units, received by each Fund (or an authorized broker or agent, or its authorized designee) before the close of trading on the Exchange on that day.
Generally, each Fund’s portfolio securities, including securities issued by ETFs, are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on each security’s primary exchange. Securities traded or dealt in upon one or more securities exchanges (whether domestic or foreign) for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at the last quoted sales price on the primary exchange or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on such exchange. Securities primarily traded in the National Association of Securities Dealers’ Automated Quotation System (“NASDAQ”) National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. Securities that are not traded on any securities exchange (whether domestic or foreign) and for which over-the-counter market quotations are readily available generally shall be valued at the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, at the mean between the current bid and ask price on such over-the-counter market. Debt securities not traded on an exchange may be valued at prices supplied by a pricing agent(s) based on broker or dealer supplied valuations or matrix pricing, a method of valuing securities by reference to the value of other securities with similar characteristics, such as rating, interest rate and maturity.
If market quotations are not readily available, securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined using the “fair value” procedures approved by the Board. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security may be materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. The fair value prices can differ from market prices when they become available or when a price becomes available. The Board has designated execution of these procedures to the Adviser. The Adviser may also enlist third party consultants such as an audit firm or financial officer of a security issuer on an as-needed basis to assist in determining a security-specific fair value. The Board reviews and ratifies the execution of this process and the resultant fair value prices at least quarterly to assure the process produces reliable results.
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The Funds may use independent pricing services to assist in calculating the value of each Fund’s portfolio securities. In addition, market prices for foreign securities are not determined at the same time of day as the NAV for the Funds.
In computing the NAV, the Funds value foreign securities held by a Fund at the latest closing price on the exchange in which they are traded immediately prior to closing of the Exchange. Prices of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current rates. If events materially affecting the value of a security in a Fund’s portfolio, particularly foreign securities, occur after the close of trading on a foreign market but before a Fund prices its shares, the security will be valued at fair value. For example, if trading in a portfolio security is halted and does not resume before a Fund calculates its NAV, the Adviser may need to price the security using the Funds’ fair value pricing guidelines. Without a fair value price, short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of a Fund’s portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing policies will prevent dilution of a Fund’s NAV by short term traders. The determination of fair value involves subjective judgments. As a result, using fair value to price a security may result in a price materially different from the prices used by other mutual funds to determine NAV, or from the price that may be realized upon the actual sale of the security.
HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES
Shares of the Funds are listed for trading on the Exchange under the symbols RFDI and RTAI. Share prices are reported in dollars and cents per Share. Shares can be bought and sold on the secondary market throughout the trading day like other publicly traded shares, and Shares typically trade in blocks of less than a Creation Unit. There is no minimum investment required. Shares may only be purchased and sold on the secondary market when the Exchange is open for trading. The Exchange is open for trading Monday through Friday and is closed on weekends and the following holidays, as observed: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offered price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction.
Authorized Participants that have entered into a contract with the Funds’ distributor may acquire Shares from the Funds, and Authorized Participants may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Funds, at NAV per Share only in large blocks, or Creation Units, of 25,000 Shares. Purchases and redemptions directly with the Funds must follow each Fund’s procedures, which are described in the SAI.
The Funds may liquidate and terminate at any time without shareholder approval.
Share Trading Prices
The approximate value of shares of a Fund, an amount representing on a per share basis the sum of the current market price of the securities accepted by a Fund in exchange for shares of a Fund and an estimated cash component will be disseminated every 15 seconds throughout the trading day through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association. This approximate value should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV per share of a Fund because the approximate value may not take into account certain Fund expenses and may not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV, which is computed once a day, generally at the end of the business day. A Fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the approximate value of the shares, and a Fund does not make any warranty as to the accuracy of these values.
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Book Entry
Shares are held in book entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares and is recognized as the owner of all Shares for all purposes.
Investors owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. Participants in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book entry or “street name” form.
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF FUND SHARES
Shares can only be purchased and redeemed directly from the Funds in Creation Units by Authorized Participants that have entered into a contract with the Funds’ distributor. The vast majority of trading in Shares occurs on the secondary market. Because the secondary market trades do not directly involve the Fund, it is unlikely those trades would cause the harmful effects of market timing, including dilution, disruption of portfolio management, increases in the Funds’ trading costs and the realization of capital gains. With regard to the purchase or redemption of Creation Units directly with the Funds, to the extent effected in-kind (i.e., for securities), those trades do not cause the harmful effects that may result from frequent cash trades. To the extent trades are effected in whole or in part in cash, those trades could result in dilution to the Funds and increased transaction costs, which could negatively impact a Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. However, direct trading by Authorized Participants is critical to ensuring that Shares trade at or close to NAV. The Funds also employ fair valuation pricing to minimize potential dilution from market timing. In addition, the Funds impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Shares to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Funds in effecting trades. These fees increase if an investor substitutes cash in part or in whole for securities, reflecting the fact that a Fund’s trading costs increase in those circumstances. Given this structure, the Trust has determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter market timing of the Shares.
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLAN
No distribution or service fees are currently paid by the Funds and will not be paid by the Funds unless authorized by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. There are no current plans to impose these fees. In the event Rule 12b-1 fees were charged, over time they would increase the cost of an investment in the Funds.
DIVIDENDS, OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
Shares are traded throughout the day in the secondary market on a national securities exchange on an intra-day basis and are created and redeemed in-kind and/or for cash in Creation Units at each day’s next calculated NAV. In-kind arrangements are designed to protect ongoing shareholders from the adverse effects on a Fund’s portfolio that could arise from frequent cash redemption transactions. In a conventional mutual fund, redemptions can have an adverse tax impact on taxable shareholders if the mutual fund needs to sell portfolio securities to obtain cash to meet net fund redemptions.
Ordinarily, dividends from net investment income, if any, are declared and paid monthly by the Funds. The Funds distribute their net realized capital gains, if any, to shareholders annually. The Funds may also pay a special distribution at the end of a calendar year to comply with federal tax requirements.
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No dividend reinvestment service is provided by the Funds. Broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by beneficial owners of the Funds for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Beneficial owners should contact their broker to determine the availability and costs of the service and the details of participation therein. Brokers may require beneficial owners to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole shares of the Funds purchased in the secondary market.
Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available.
Taxes
As with any investment, you should consider how your investment in Shares will be taxed. The tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares.
Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as an individual retirement account, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when:
| (a) | A Fund makes distributions, |
| (b) | You sell your Shares listed on the Exchange, and |
| (c) | You purchase or redeem Creation Units. |
Taxes on Distributions
Distributions from each Fund’s net investment income, including net short-term capital gains, if any, are taxable to you as ordinary income, except that each Fund’s dividends attributable to its “qualified dividend income” (i.e., dividends received on stock of most domestic and certain foreign corporations with respect to which the Fund satisfies certain holding period and other restrictions), if any, generally are subject to federal income tax for non-corporate shareholders who satisfy those restrictions with respect to their Shares at the rate for net capital gain. A part of each Fund’s dividends also may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations -- the eligible portion may not exceed the aggregate dividends each Fund receives from domestic corporations subject to federal income tax (excluding Real Estate Investment Trusts) and excludes dividends from foreign corporations -- subject to similar restrictions.
In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax when they are paid, whether you take them in cash or reinvest them in the Funds (if that option is available). Distributions reinvested in additional Shares through the means of a dividend reinvestment service, if available, will be taxable to shareholders acquiring the additional Shares to the same extent as if such distributions had been received in cash. Distributions of net long-term capital gains, if any, in excess of net short-term capital losses are taxable as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long you have held the Shares.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of your basis in the Shares and as capital gain thereafter. A distribution will reduce a Fund’s NAV per Share and may be taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gain (as described above) even though, from an investment standpoint, the distribution may constitute a return of capital.
By law, the Funds are required to withhold 28% of your distributions and redemption proceeds if you have not provided the Fund with a correct Social Security number or other taxpayer identification number and in certain other situations.
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Taxes on Distributions (Tax Advantaged Income ETF Only)
The Fund expects to make monthly distributions of “exempt-interest dividends,” which are exempt from U.S. federal income tax but may be subject to state or local income taxes. Distributions may also consist of ordinary income, capital gains, and/or tax-deferred returns of capital. Although the Fund expects that a significant portion of its distributions will be exempt-interest dividends, no assurance can be given in this regard. Some exempt-interest dividends may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax to non-corporate shareholders.
You will generally have to pay federal income taxes, as well as any state or local taxes, on taxable distributions received from the Fund, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares. If you sell Fund shares, it is generally considered a taxable event. If you exchange shares of the Fund for shares of another fund, the exchange will be treated as a sale of the Fund’s shares and any gain on the transaction may be subject to federal income tax.
Distributions of net investment income (other than distributions of “qualified dividend income” and exempt-interest dividends) and distributions of net short-term capital gains, are taxable for federal income tax purposes at ordinary income tax rates. Distributions from the Fund’s net capital gain (i.e., the excess of its net long-term capital gain over its net short-term capital loss) are taxable for federal income tax purposes as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long the shareholder has held Fund shares.
You may want to avoid buying shares of the Fund just before it declares a taxable distribution (on or before the record date), because such a distribution will be taxable to you even though it may effectively be a return of a portion of your investment.
The Fund may recognize income (including dividend income) on distributions from the underlying investment companies in which it invests and may also recognize gains and losses if it redeems shares in the underlying investment companies. The structure of the Fund and the reallocation of investments among underlying investment companies could affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions.
To the extent that any portion of a distribution received by a shareholder from the Fund is treated as a return of capital, it will decrease the shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Fund shares (but not below zero), which will result in an increase in the amount of gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will be recognized by the shareholder for federal income tax purposes on the later sale of such Fund shares. After the shareholder’s basis is reduced to zero, the shareholder’s share of any additional distributions in excess of the Fund’s earnings and profits will generally be treated as capital gains. The portion of the Fund’s distributions that may be classified as return of capital is uncertain and can be materially impacted by events that are not subject to the control of the Adviser (e.g., mergers, acquisitions, reorganizations and other capital transactions occurring at the individual CEF and ETF level). Because of these factors, the portion of the Fund’s distributions that is considered return of capital may vary materially from year to year. It is possible that a shareholder could receive a distribution treated as a return of capital during a taxable year in which the Fund operates at a loss.
Taxes on Exchange-Listed Share Sales
Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for one year or less. The ability to deduct capital losses from sales of Shares may be limited.
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Taxes on Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units
An Authorized Participant who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the sum of the exchanger’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered plus any Cash Component it pays. An Authorized Participant who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger’s basis in the Creation Units and the sum of the aggregate market value of the securities received plus any cash equal to the difference between the NAV of the Shares being redeemed and the value of the securities. The Internal Revenue Service (“Service”), however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales” or for other reasons. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.
Any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for more than one year and as short-term capital gain or loss if the Shares have been held for one year or less.
If you purchase or redeem Creation Units, you will be sent a confirmation statement showing how many Shares you purchased or sold and at what price. See “Tax Status” in the SAI for a description of the basis determination methods applicable to Share redemptions and each Fund’s obligation to report basis information to the Service.
The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in the Funds. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in the Shares under all applicable tax laws. See “Tax Status” in the SAI for more information.
FUND SERVICE PROVIDERS
Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. is the Funds’ administrator, transfer agent, and fund accountant. It has its principal office at 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio 43219, and is primarily in the business of providing administrative, fund accounting and transfer agent services to retail and institutional mutual funds.
Citibank N.A., 388 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10048, is the Funds’ custodian.
ACA Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Distributor”), Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101, is the distributor for the shares of the Funds. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”).
Thompson Hine LLP, 41 South High Street, 17th Floor, Columbus, Ohio 43215, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.
Cohen & Company, Ltd., 342 North Water Street, Suite 830, Milwaukee, WI 53202, serves as the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of the Funds.
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OTHER INFORMATION
Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units of Shares are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units of Shares are issued and sold by the Funds on an ongoing basis, a “distribution,” as such term is used in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), may occur at any point. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the Securities Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor, breaks them down into constituent Shares and sells the Shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for Shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a characterization as an underwriter.
Broker dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary trading transactions), and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the Securities Act , would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(3) of the Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. As a result, broker dealer firms should note that dealers who are not underwriters but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted with ordinary secondary market transactions) and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an overallotment within the meaning of Section 4(3)(A) of the Securities Act would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to Shares are reminded that, under Rule 153 of the Securities Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the Securities Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is only available with respect to transactions on an exchange.
Dealers effecting transactions in the Shares, whether or not participating in this distribution, are generally required to deliver a Prospectus. This is in addition to any obligation of dealers to deliver a Prospectus when acting as underwriters.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand each Fund’s financial performance for the period of each Fund’s operations. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in a Fund. The September 30, 2022 information for each Fund has been derived from the financial statements audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds’ financial statements, are included in the Funds’ September 30, 2022 annual report, which is available upon request.
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Financial Highlights
Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF |
Year Ended September 30, |
October
20, 2020(a) September 30, 2021 | ||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $29.46 | $25.00 | ||
| Net Investment Income (Loss) | 0.93(b) | 1.21 | ||
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments | (6.54) | 4.32 | ||
| Total from Investment Activities | (5.61) | 5.53 | ||
| Distributions from Net Investment Income | (1.26) | (1.07) | ||
| Distributions from Net Realized Gains on Investments | (0.65) | — | ||
| Return of Capital | (0.01) | — | ||
| Total Distributions | (1.92) | (1.07) | ||
| Net Asset Value, End of Period | $21.93 | $29.46 | ||
| Net Assets at End of Period (000’s) | $38,934 | $67,764 | ||
| Total Return at NAV(c)(d) | (20.10)% | 22.35% | ||
| Total Return at Market(d)(e) | (20.16)% | 22.63% | ||
| Ratio of Net Expenses to Average Net Assets(f)(g) | 1.47% | 1.50% | ||
| Ratio of Gross Expenses to Average Net Assets(f)(g)(h) | 1.38% | 1.70% | ||
| Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets(f)(i) | 3.57% | 5.11% | ||
| Portfolio Turnover(d)(j) | 132% | 74% |
(a) Commencement of operations.
(b) Calculated based on average shares method.
(c) Net asset value total return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the net asset value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, if any, and redemption on the last day of the period at net asset value. This percentage is not an indication of the performance of a shareholder’s investment in the Fund based on market value due to differences between the market price of the shares and the net asset value per share of the Fund.
(d) Not annualized for periods less than one year.
(e) Market value total return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the market value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, if any, and redemption on the last day of the period at market value. Market value is determined by the composite closing price. Composite closing security price is defined as the last reported sale price from any primary listing market (e.g., Cboe BZX) or participating regional exchanges or markets. The composite closing price is the last reported sale price from any of the eligible sources, regardless of volume and not an average price and may have occurred on a date prior to the close of the reporting period. Market value may be greater or less than net asset value, depending on the Fund’s closing price on the listing market.
(f) Annualized for periods less than one year.
(g) Excludes expenses of the investment companies in which the Fund invests.
(h) Before fee reductions or recoupment of fees previously reimbursed by the Adviser. If such waivers/reimbursements or recoupment had not occurred, the ratio would have been as indicated.
(i) Recognition of net investment income by the Fund is affected by the timing of the declaration of dividends by the underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests. The ratio does not include net investment income of the underlying investment companies.
(j) Excludes the impact of in-kind transactions.
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Financial Highlights
Rareview Tax Advantage Income ETF |
Year Ended September 30, |
October
20, 2020(a) September 30, 2021 | ||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $27.93 | $25.00 | ||
| Net Investment Income (Loss) | 0.78(b) | 0.72 | ||
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments(c) | (7.72) | 2.88 | ||
| Total from Investment Activities | (6.94) | 3.60 | ||
| Distributions from Net Investment Income | (0.76) | (0.67) | ||
| Distributions from Net Realized Gains on Investments | (0.57) | — | ||
| Total Distributions | (1.33) | (0.67) | ||
| Net Asset Value, End of Period | $19.66 | $27.93 | ||
| Net Assets at End of Period (000’s) | $15,731 | $19,552 | ||
| Total Return at NAV(c)(d) | (25.86)% | 14.49% | ||
| Total Return at Market(d)(e) | (26.20)% | 14.81% | ||
| Ratio of Net Expenses to Average Net Assets(f)(g) | 1.25% | 1.25% | ||
| Ratio of Gross Expenses to Average Net Assets(f)(g)(h) | 1.51% | 2.03% | ||
| Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets(f)(i) | 3.20% | 2.94% | ||
| Portfolio Turnover(d)(j) | 65% | 78% |
(a) Commencement of operations.
(b) Calculated based on average shares method.
(c) Net asset value total return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the net asset value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, if any, and redemption on the last day of the period at net asset value. This percentage is not an indication of the performance of a shareholder’s investment in the Fund based on market value due to differences between the market price of the shares and the net asset value per share of the Fund.
(d) Not annualized for periods less than one year.
(e) Market value total return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the market value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, if any, and redemption on the last day of the period at market value. Market value is determined by the composite closing price. Composite closing security price is defined as the last reported sale price from any primary listing market (e.g., Cboe BZX) or participating regional exchanges or markets. The composite closing price is the last reported sale price from any of the eligible sources, regardless of volume and not an average price and may have occurred on a date prior to the close of the reporting period. Market value may be greater or less than net asset value, depending on the Fund’s closing price on the listing market.
(f) Annualized for periods less than one year.
(g) Excludes expenses of the investment companies in which the Fund invests.
(h) Before fee reductions or recoupment of fees previously reimbursed by the Adviser. If such waivers/reimbursements or recoupment had not occurred, the ratio would have been as indicated.
(i) Recognition of net investment income by the Fund is affected by the timing of the declaration of dividends by the underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests. The ratio does not include net investment income of the underlying investment.
(j) Excludes the impact of in-kind transactions.
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Financial Highlights
Rareview Inflation/Deflation ETF |
January
5, 2022(a) September 30, 2022 | |
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $25.00 | |
| Net Investment Income (Loss)(b) | 0.15 | |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments | (2.14) | |
| Total from Investment Activities | (1.99) | |
| Distributions from Net Investment Income | (0.11) | |
| Distributions from Net Realized Gains on Investments | — | |
| Total Distributions | (0.11) | |
| Net Asset Value, End of Period | $22.90 | |
| Net Assets at End of Period (000’s) | $12,020 | |
| Total Return at NAV(c)(d) | (8.02)% | |
| Total Return at Market(d)(e) | (8.00)% | |
| Ratio of Net Expenses to Average Net Assets(f)(g)(h) | 0.87% | |
| Ratio of Gross Expenses to Average Net Assets(f)(g)(i)(j) | 1.92% | |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets(f)(k) | 0.84% | |
| Portfolio Turnover(d)(l) | 390% |
(a) Commencement of operations.
(b) Calculated based on average shares method.
(c) Net asset value total return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the net asset value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, if any, and redemption on the last day of the period at net asset value. This percentage is not an indication of the performance of a shareholder’s investment in the Fund based on market value due to differences between the market price of the shares and the net asset value per share of the Fund.
(d) Not annualized for periods less than one year.
(e) Market value total return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the market value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, if any, and redemption on the last day of the period at market value. Market value is determined by the composite closing price. Composite closing security price is defined as the last reported sale price from any primary listing market (e.g., Cboe BZX) or participating regional exchanges or markets. The composite closing price is the last reported sale price from any of the eligible sources, regardless of volume and not an average price and may have occurred on a date prior to the close of the reporting period. Market value may be greater or less than net asset value, depending on the Fund’s closing price on the listing market.
(f) Annualized for periods less than one year.
(g) Excludes expenses of the investment companies in which the Fund invests.
(h) The ratio of net expenses to average net assets would have been 0.88% had certain expenses not been voluntarily waived for the period ended September 30, 2022.
(i) The ratio of gross expenses to average net assets would have been 1.93% had certain expenses not been voluntarily waived for the period ended September 30, 2022.
(j) If applicable, certain fees were waived and/or reimbursed. If such waivers/reimbursements had not occurred, the ratio would have been as indicated.
(k) Recognition of net investment income by the Fund is affected by the timing of the declaration of dividends by the underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests. The ratio does not include net investment income of the underlying investment companies.
(l) Excludes the impact of in-kind transactions.
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Financial Highlights
Rareview Systematic Equity ETF |
January
20, 2022(a) September 30, 2022 | |
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $25.00 | |
| Net Investment Income (Loss)(b) | 0.11 | |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments(c) | (0.57) | |
| Total from Investment Activities | (0.46) | |
| Distributions from Net Investment Income | — | |
| Distributions from Net Realized Gains on Investments | — | |
| Total Distributions | — | |
| Net Asset Value, End of Period | $24.54 | |
| Net Assets at End of Period (000’s) | $25,152 | |
| Total Return at NAV(d)(e) | (1.85)% | |
| Total Return at Market(e)(f) | (1.80)% | |
| Ratio of Net Expenses to Average Net Assets(g)(h)(i) | 0.97% | |
| Ratio of Gross Expenses to Average Net Assets(g)(h)(j)(k) | 1.69% | |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income (Loss) to Average Net Assets(g)(l) | 0.66% | |
| Portfolio Turnover(e)(m) | 237% |
(a) Commencement of operations.
(b) Calculated based on average shares method.
(c) Realized and unrealized gains per share are balancing amounts necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the period, and may not accord with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statements of Operations due to share transactions for the period.
(d) Net asset value total return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the net asset value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, if any, and redemption on the last day of the period at net asset value. This percentage is not an indication of the performance of a shareholder’s investment in the Fund based on market value due to differences between the market price of the shares and the net asset value per share of the Fund.
(e) Not annualized for periods less than one year.
(f) Market value total return is calculated assuming an initial investment made at the market value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions at net asset value during the period, if any, and redemption on the last day of the period at market value. Market value is determined by the composite closing price. Composite closing security price is defined as the last reported sale price from any primary listing market (e.g., Cboe BZX) or participating regional exchanges or markets. The composite closing price is the last reported sale price from any of the eligible sources, regardless of volume and not an average price and may have occurred on a date prior to the close of the reporting period. Market value may be greater or less than net asset value, depending on the Fund’s closing price on the listing market.
(g) Annualized for periods less than one year.
(h) Excludes expenses of the investment companies in which the Fund invests.
(i) The ratio of net expenses to average net assets would have been 0.98% had certain expenses not been voluntarily waived for the period ended September 30, 2022.
(j) The ratio of gross expenses to average net assets would have been 1.70% had certain expenses not been voluntarily waived for the period ended September 30, 2022.
(k) If applicable, certain fees were waived and/or reimbursed. If such waivers/reimbursements had not occurred, the ratio would have been as indicated.
(l) Recognition of net investment income by the Fund is affected by the timing of the declaration of dividends by the underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests. The ratio does not include net investment income of the underlying investment companies.
(m) Excludes the impact of in-kind transactions.
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PRIVACY NOTICE
Collaborative Investment Series Trust
Rev. November 2017
| FACTS | WHAT DOES COLLABORATIVE INVESTMENT SERIES TRUST DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION? |
| Why? | Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some, but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do. |
| What? | The types of personal information we collect and share depends on the product or service that you have with us. This information can include: (a) Social Security number and wire transfer instructions (b) account transactions and transaction history (c) investment experience and purchase history When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice.
|
| How? | All financial companies need to share customers’ personal information to run their everyday business. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers’ personal information; the reasons Collaborative Investment Series Trust chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing. |
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Reasons we can share your personal information: |
Does Collaborative Investment Series Trust share information? | Can you limit this sharing? | |
| For our everyday business purposes - such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus. | YES | NO | |
| For our marketing purposes – to offer our products and services to you. | NO | We don’t share | |
| For joint marketing with other financial companies. | NO | We don’t share | |
| For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes - information about your transactions and records. | NO | We don’t share | |
| For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes - information about your credit worthiness. | NO | We don’t share | |
| For nonaffiliates to market to you | NO | We don’t share | |
| QUESTIONS? | Call 1-888-783-8637 | ||
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PRIVACY NOTICE
Collaborative Investment Series Trust
| What we do: | |
| How does Collaborative Investment Series Trust protect my personal information? | To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files and buildings.
Our service providers are held accountable for adhering to strict policies and procedures to prevent any misuse of your nonpublic personal information.
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| How does Collaborative Investment Series Trust collect my personal information? | We collect your personal information, for example, when you
(a) open an account or deposit money
(b) direct us to buy securities or direct us to sell your securities
(c) seek advice about your investments
We also collect your personal information from others, such as credit bureaus, affiliates, or other companies.
|
| Why can’t I limit all sharing? | Federal law gives you the right to limit only:
(a) sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes – information about your creditworthiness.
(b) affiliates from using your information to market to you.
(c) sharing for nonaffiliates to market to you.
State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing.
|
| Definitions | |
| Affiliates | Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.
(a) Collaborative Investment Series Trust does not share with our affiliates. |
| Nonaffiliates | Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.
(b) Collaborative Investment Series Trust does not share with nonaffiliates so they can market to you.
|
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| Joint Marketing | A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together market financial products or services to you.
(c) Collaborative Investment Series Trust doesn’t jointly market.
|
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| Adviser | Rareview
Capital LLC 1980 Festival Plaza Drive, Suite 300, Las Vegas, NV 89135 |
Distributor | ACA Foreside Fund Services, LLC, Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 |
| Custodian | Citibank,
N.A. 388 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10048 |
Legal Counsel | Thompson
Hine LLP 41 South High Street, Suite 1700, Columbus, OH 43215 |
| Administrator & Transfer Agent | Citi
Fund Services Ohio, Inc., 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio 43219 |
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | Cohen
& Company, Ltd. 342 North Water Street, Suite 830, Milwaukee, WI 53202 |
Additional information about the Funds is included in the Funds’ SAI dated February 1, 2022. The SAI is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference (i.e., legally made a part of this Prospectus). The SAI provides more details about the Funds’ policies and management. Additional information about the Funds’ investments will also be available in the Funds’ Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders. In the Funds’ Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during the last fiscal year.
To obtain a free copy of the SAI and the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders, or other information about the Funds, or to make shareholder inquiries about the Funds, please call 1-888-783-8637.
Reports and other information about the Funds are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov.
Investment Company Act File # 811-23306
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RAREVIEW DYNAMIC FIXED INCOME ETF
Ticker Symbol: RDFI
RAREVIEW TAX ADVANTAGED INCOME ETF
Ticker Symbol: RTAI
RAREVIEW INFLATION/DEFLATION ETF
Ticker Symbol: FLTN
RAREVIEW SYSTEMATIC EQUITY ETF
Ticker Symbol: RSEE
each a series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
February 1, 2023
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the combined Prospectus of the Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF and the Rareview Tax Advantaged Income ETF (each a “Fund”, and collectively the “Funds”) dated February 1, 2023. The Funds’ Prospectus is hereby incorporated by reference, which means it is legally part of this document. You can obtain copies of the Funds’ Prospectus, annual or semiannual reports without charge by contacting the Funds’ Distributor, ACA Foreside Fund Services, LLC, Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04191 or by calling 1-888-783-8637. You may also obtain a Prospectus by visiting the Funds’ website at www.rareviewcapital.com.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE FUNDS
Each Fund is a diversified series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust, a Delaware statutory trust organized on July 26, 2017 (the “Trust”). The Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company. The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the “Board” or “Trustees”).
Each Fund may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. All shares of each Fund have equal rights and privileges. Each share of each Fund is entitled to one vote on all matters as to which shares are entitled to vote. In addition, each share of a Fund is entitled to participate equally with other shares (i) in dividends and distributions declared by such Fund and (ii) on liquidation to its proportionate share of the assets remaining after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities. Shares of a Fund are fully paid, non-assessable and fully transferable when issued and have no pre-emptive, conversion or exchange rights. Fractional shares have proportionately the same rights, including voting rights, as are provided for a full share.
Each Fund’s investment objectives, restrictions and policies are more fully described here and in the Prospectus. The Board may start other series and offer shares of a new fund under the Trust at any time. Each Fund is an exchange-traded fund, which is a registered open-end management company that issues (and redeems) creation units (“Creation Units”) to (and from) authorized participants (“Authorized Participants”) in exchange for a basket and a cash balancing amount (if any) and the shares of which are listed on a national securities exchange and traded at market-determined prices. An Authorized Participant is a financial institution that is a member or participant of a clearing agency registered with the SEC, which has a written agreement with the Fund or one of its service providers that allows the financial institution to place orders for the purchase and redemption of Creation Units. Creation Units are a specified number of the Fund’s shares (e.g., 25,000) that the Fund will issue to (or redeem from) an Authorized Participant in exchange for the deposit (or delivery) of a basket and a cash balancing amount if any.
The Funds will issue and redeem Creation Units principally in exchange for an in-kind deposit of a basket of designated securities (the “Deposit Securities”), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment (the “Cash Component”), plus a transaction fee. The Funds are both expected to be approved for listing, subject to notice of issuance, on CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”). Shares will trade on an Exchange at market prices that may be below, at, or above NAV. In the event of the liquidation of a Fund, a share split, reverse split or the like, the Trust may revise the number of Shares in a Creation Unit.
Each Fund reserves the right to offer creations and redemptions of Shares for cash. In addition, Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain on deposit with the Trust cash equal to up to 115% of the market value of the missing Deposit Securities. In each instance of such cash creations or redemptions, transaction fees, may be imposed and may be higher than the transaction fees associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. See PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES below.
The Rareview Inflation/Deflation ETF and the Rareview Systematic Equity ETF are commodity pools under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act, and their U.S. SEC-registered Investment Adviser, Rareview Capital LLC, is an NFA Member that is also registered as a Commodity Pool Operator with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
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TYPES OF INVESTMENTS
The investment objective of the Funds and the descriptions of the Funds’ principal investment strategies are set forth under “Investment Objective” and Principal Investment Strategies” in the Prospectus. The Funds’ investment objectives are not fundamental and may be changed without the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust.
The following pages contain more detailed information about the types of instruments in which a Fund may invest directly or indirectly as a principal or non-principal investment strategy. These instruments include other investment companies and strategies Rareview Capital LLC (the “Adviser”) employs in pursuit of the Funds’ investment objective and a summary of related risks.
Securities of Other Investment Companies
The Fund invests in securities of other investment companies, including closed-end funds (“CEFs”) and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). The Funds’ investments in such securities involve certain additional expenses and certain tax results, which would not be present in a direct investment in such underlying funds. Due to legal limitations, the Funds will be prevented from: 1) purchasing more than 3% of an investment company’s - outstanding shares; 2) investing more than 5% of a Fund’s assets in any single such investment company, and 3) investing more than 10% of a Fund’s assets in investment companies overall; unless: (i) the underlying investment company and/or the Fund has received an order for exemptive relief from such limitations from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”); and (ii) the underlying investment company and a Fund take appropriate steps to comply with any conditions in such order. In the alternative, a Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-3, which allows unaffiliated mutual funds to exceed the 5% limitation and the 10% limitation, provided the aggregate sales loads any investor pays (i.e., the combined distribution expenses of both the acquiring fund and the acquired underlying fund) does not exceed the limits on sales loads established by Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) for funds of funds. In addition to ETFs, a Fund may invest in other investment companies such as open-end mutual funds or closed-end funds, within the limitations described above. Each investment company is subject to specific risks, depending on the nature of a Fund. Underlying ETFs, CEFs, and mutual funds may employ leverage, which magnifies the changes in the underlying stock or other index upon which they are based.
Open-End Investment Companies
A Fund and any “affiliated persons,” as defined by the 1940 Act, may purchase in the aggregate only up to 3% of the total outstanding securities of any underlying fund. Accordingly, when affiliated persons hold shares of any of the underlying fund, a Fund’s ability to invest fully in shares of those funds is restricted, and the Adviser must then, in some instances, select alternative investments that would not have been its first preference. The 1940 Act also provides that an underlying fund whose shares are purchased by a Fund will be obligated to redeem shares held by a Fund only in an amount up to 1% of the underlying fund’s outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days. Shares held by a Fund in excess of 1% of an underlying fund’s outstanding securities therefore, will be considered not readily marketable securities, which, together with other such securities, may not exceed 15% of a Fund’s total assets.
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Under certain circumstances an underlying fund may determine to make payment of a redemption by a Fund wholly or partly by a distribution in kind of securities from its portfolio, in lieu of cash, in conformity with the rules of the SEC. In such cases, a Fund may hold securities distributed by an underlying fund until the Adviser determines that it is appropriate to dispose of such securities.
Investment decisions by the investment advisers of the underlying fund(s) are made independently of a Fund and the Adviser. Therefore, the investment adviser of one underlying fund may be purchasing shares of the same issuer whose shares are being sold by the investment adviser of another such fund. The result would be an indirect expense to a Fund without accomplishing any investment purpose.
Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”)
ETFs are generally passive funds that track their related index and have the flexibility of trading like a security. They are managed by professionals and typically provide the investor with diversification, cost and tax efficiency, liquidity, marginability, are useful for hedging, have the ability to go long and short, and some provide quarterly dividends. Additionally, some ETFs are unit investment trusts (“UITs”). Under certain circumstances, the adviser may invest in ETFs, known as “inverse funds,” which are designed to produce results opposite to market trends. Inverse ETFs are funds designed to rise in price when stock prices are falling.
ETFs typically have two markets. The primary market is where institutions swap “creation units” in block-multiples of, for example, 50,000 shares for in-kind securities and cash. Unlike mutual funds, the primary market for ETFs exists between a Fund and Authorized Participants . The secondary market is where individual investors can trade as little as a single share during trading hours on the exchange. This is different from open-ended mutual funds that are traded at net asset value (“NAV”), which is calculated at the end of a trading day. ETFs share many similar risks with open-end and closed-end funds.
Foreign Securities
Investing in securities of foreign companies and countries involves certain considerations and risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. government securities and securities of domestic companies. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than a domestic one, and foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. There may also be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies than exists in the United States. Interest and dividends paid by foreign issuers may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on such investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to a Fund by domestic companies or the U.S. government. There may be the possibility of expropriations, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, confiscatory taxation, political, economic or social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of a Fund held in foreign countries. Finally, the establishment of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions could adversely affect the payment of obligations.
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To the extent currency exchange transactions do not fully protect a Fund against adverse changes in currency exchange rates, decreases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which a Fund will invest relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding decrease in the U.S. dollar value of a Fund’s assets denominated in those currencies (and possibly a corresponding increase in the amount of securities required to be liquidated to meet distribution requirements). Conversely, increases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which a Fund invests relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding increase in the U.S. dollar value of a Fund’s assets (and possibly a corresponding decrease in the amount of securities to be liquidated).
Initial Public Offering
Each Fund may purchase shares issued as part of, or a short period after, a company’s initial public offering (“IPO”), and may at times dispose of those shares shortly after their acquisition. An IPO is the first sale of stock by a private company to the public. A Fund’s purchase of shares issued in an IPO exposes it to the risks associated with companies that have little operating history as public companies, as well as to the risks inherent in those sectors of the market where these new issuers operate. The market for IPO issuers may be volatile, and share prices of newly public companies may fluctuate up and down significantly over short periods of time.
Short Sales
A Fund may sell securities short as an outright investment strategy and to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities. A short sale is a transaction in which a Fund sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire (or that it owns but does not wish to deliver) in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.
When a Fund makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. A Fund is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; a Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities.
If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time a Fund covers its short position, a Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, a Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
To the extent a Fund sells securities short, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales “against the box”) will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities in an amount at least equal to the difference between the current market value of the securities sold short and any amounts required to be deposited as collateral with the selling broker. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent a Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short.
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Equity Securities
Equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks and securities convertible into common stocks, such as convertible bonds, warrants, rights and options. The value of equity securities varies in response to many factors, including the activities and financial condition of individual companies, the business market in which individual companies compete and general market and economic conditions. Equity securities fluctuate in value, often based on factors unrelated to the value of the issuer of the securities, and such fluctuations can be significant.
Common Stock
Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company’s stock price.
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment should a company be liquidated, although preferred stock is usually junior to the debt securities of the issuer. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates.
A Fundamental risk of investing in common and preferred stock is the risk that the value of the stock might decrease. Stock values fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short-term risks than preferred stocks, fixed-income securities and money market investments. The market value of all securities, including common and preferred stocks, is based upon the market’s perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measures of a company’s worth.
Convertible Securities
Convertible securities include fixed income securities that may be exchanged or converted into a predetermined number of shares of the issuer’s underlying common stock at the option of the holder during a specified period. Convertible securities may take the form of convertible preferred stock, convertible bonds or debentures, units consisting of “usable” bonds and warrants or a combination of the features of several of these securities. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an issuer’s capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed-income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a market price advance in the convertible security’s underlying common stock.
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Real Estate Investment Trusts
A Fund may invest in securities of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs are publicly traded corporations or trusts that specialize in acquiring, holding and managing residential, commercial or industrial real estate. A REIT is not taxed at the entity level on income distributed to its shareholders or unitholders if it distributes to shareholders or unitholders at least 95% of its taxable income for each taxable year and complies with regulatory requirements relating to its organization, ownership, assets and income.
REITs generally can be classified as “Equity REITs”, “Mortgage REITs” and “Hybrid REITs.” An Equity REIT invests the majority of its assets directly in real property and derives its income primarily from rents and from capital gains on real estate appreciation, which are realized through property sales. A Mortgage REIT invests the majority of its assets in real estate mortgage loans and services its income primarily from interest payments. A Hybrid REIT combines the characteristics of an Equity REIT and a Mortgage REIT. Although a Fund can invest in all three kinds of REITs, its emphasis is expected to be on investments in Equity REITs.
Investments in the real estate industry involve particular risks. The real estate industry has been subject to substantial fluctuations and declines on a local, regional and national basis in the past and may continue to be in the future. Real property values and income from real property continue to be in the future. Real property values and income from real property may decline due to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, regulatory limitations on rents, changes in neighborhoods and in demographics, increases in market interest rates, or other factors. Factors such as these may adversely affect companies that own and operate real estate directly, companies that lend to such companies, and companies that service the real estate industry.
Investments in REITs also involve risks. Equity REITs will be affected by changes in the values of and income from the properties they own, while Mortgage REITs may be affected by the credit quality of the mortgage loans they hold. In addition, REITs are dependent on specialized management skills and on their ability to generate cash flow for operating purposes and to make distributions to shareholders or unitholders REITs may have limited diversification and are subject to risks associated with obtaining financing for real property, as well as to the risk of self-liquidation. REITs also can be adversely affected by their failure to qualify for tax-free pass-through treatment of their income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or their failure to maintain an exemption from registration under the 1940 Act. By investing in REITs indirectly through a Fund, a shareholder bears not only a proportionate share of the expenses of a Fund, but also may indirectly bear similar expenses of some of the REITs in which it invests.
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Warrants
Warrants are options to purchase common stock at a specific price (usually at a premium above the market value of the optioned common stock at issuance) valid for a specific period of time. Warrants may have a life ranging from less than one year to twenty years, or they may be perpetual. However, most warrants have expiration dates after which they are worthless. In addition, a warrant is worthless if the market price of the common stock does not exceed the warrant’s exercise price during the life of the warrant. Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the warrant may tend to be greater than the percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the optioned common stock.
Depositary Receipts
Sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), are receipts issued by an American bank or trust company evidencing ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in U.S. securities markets. Unsponsored ADRs may be created without the participation of the foreign issuer. Holders of these ADRs generally bear all the costs of the ADR facility, whereas foreign issuers typically bear certain costs in a sponsored ADR. The bank or trust company depositary of an unsponsored ADR may be under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the foreign issuer or to pass through voting rights. Many of the risks described below regarding foreign securities apply to investments in ADRs.
Exchange Traded Notes (“ETNs”)
ETNs are typically unsecured and unsubordinated notes. ETN returns are based upon the performance of one or more underlying indicators and typically, no periodic coupon payments are distributed and no principal protections exists, even at maturity. ETNs are listed on an exchange and traded in the secondary market. An ETN can be held until maturity, at which time the issuer pays the investor a cash amount equal to the principal amount, subject to the day’s market benchmark or strategy factor. When a Fund invests in ETNs, it will bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses borne by the ETN. Because fees reduce the amount of return at maturity or upon redemption, if the value of the underlying indicator decreases or does not increase significantly, a Fund may receive less than the principal amount of its investment at maturity or upon redemption. In addition, the value of an ETN also may be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying indicator, changes in the applicable interest rates, and economic, legal, political, or geographic events that affect the underlying indicator. Some ETNs that use leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid, and thus they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Leveraged ETNs are subject to the same risk as other instruments that use leverage in any form. There may be restrictions on a Fund’s right to redeem its investment in an ETN, which are generally meant to be held until maturity. A decision by a Fund to sell ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. In addition, although an ETN may be listed on an exchange, the issuer may not be required to maintain the listing, and there can be no assurance that a secondary market will exist for an ETN.
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Emerging Markets Securities
Investing in emerging market securities imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries. These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions on foreign investment; possible repatriation of investment income and capital. In addition, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales; future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by a Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.
Additional risks of emerging markets securities may include: greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability; more substantial governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision and regulation; unavailability of currency hedging techniques; companies that are newly organized and small; differences in auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; and less developed legal systems. In addition, emerging securities markets may have different clearance and settlement procedures, which may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. Settlement problems may cause a Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities, hold a portion of its assets in cash pending investment, or be delayed in disposing of a portfolio security. Such a delay could result in possible liability to a purchaser of the security.
Certificates of Deposit and Bankers’ Acceptances
Certificates of deposit are receipts issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds. The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the receipt on the date specified on the certificate. The certificate usually can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Bankers’ acceptances typically arise from short-term credit arrangements designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then “accepted” by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity. Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.
Commercial Paper
Commercial paper consists of short-term (usually from 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current operations. It may be secured by letters of credit, a surety bond or other forms of collateral. Commercial paper is usually repaid at maturity by the issuer from the proceeds of the issuance of new commercial paper. As a result, investment in commercial paper is subject to the risk the issuer cannot issue enough new commercial paper to satisfy its outstanding commercial paper, also known as rollover risk. Commercial paper may become illiquid or may suffer from reduced liquidity in certain circumstances. Like all fixed income securities, commercial paper prices are susceptible to fluctuations in interest rates. If interest rates rise, commercial paper prices will decline. The short-term nature of a commercial paper investment makes it less susceptible to interest rate risk than many other fixed income securities because interest rate risk typically increases as maturity lengths increase. Commercial paper tends to yield smaller returns than longer-term corporate debt because securities with shorter maturities typically have lower effective yields than those with longer maturities. As with all fixed income securities, there is a chance that the issuer will default on its commercial paper obligation.
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Information on Time Deposits and Variable Rate Notes
Time deposits are issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds. The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the depositor on the date specified with respect to the deposit. Time deposits do not trade in the secondary market prior to maturity. However, some time deposits may be redeemable prior to maturity and may be subject to withdrawal penalties.
The commercial paper obligations are typically unsecured and may include variable rate notes. The nature and terms of a variable rate note (i.e., a “Master Note”) permit a Fund to invest fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to a direct arrangement between a Fund and the issuer. It permits daily changes in the amounts invested. A Fund, typically, has the right at any time to increase, up to the full amount stated in the note agreement, or to decrease the amount outstanding under the note. The issuer may prepay at any time and without penalty any part of or the full amount of the note. The note may or may not be backed by one or more bank letters of credit. Because these notes are direct investment arrangements between a Fund and the issuer, it is not generally contemplated that they will be traded; moreover, there is currently no secondary market for them. Except as specifically provided in the Prospectus, there is no limitation on the type of issuer from whom these notes may be purchased; however, in connection with such purchase and on an ongoing basis, the Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuer, and its ability to pay principal and interest on demand, including a situation in which all holders of such notes made demand simultaneously. Variable rate notes are subject to a Fund’s investment restriction on illiquid securities unless such notes can be put back to the issuer (redeemed) on demand within seven days.
Insured Bank Obligations
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insures the deposits of federally insured banks and savings and loan associations (collectively referred to as “banks”) up to $250,000. A Fund may elect to purchase bank obligations in small amounts so as to be fully insured as to principal by the FDIC. Currently, to remain fully insured as to principal, these investments must be limited to $250,000 per bank; if the principal amount and accrued interest together exceed $250,000, the excess principal and accrued interest will not be insured. Insured bank obligations may have limited marketability.
Closed-End Investment Companies
A Fund may invest its assets in closed-end investment companies (or “closed-end funds”), subject to the investment restrictions set forth above. Shares of closed-end funds are typically offered to the public in a one-time initial public offering by a group of underwriters who retain a spread or underwriting commission of between 4% or 6% of the initial public offering price. Such securities are then listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (commonly known as “NASDAQ”) or, in some cases, may be traded in other over-the-counter markets. Because the shares of closed-end funds cannot be redeemed upon demand to the issuer like the shares of an open-end investment company (such as a Fund), investors seek to buy and sell shares of closed-end funds in the secondary market.
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Each Fund generally will purchase shares of closed-end funds only in the secondary market. A Fund will incur normal brokerage costs on such purchases similar to the expenses a Fund would incur for the purchase of securities of any other type of issuer in the secondary market. A Fund may, however, also purchase securities of a closed-end fund in an initial public offering when, in the opinion of the Adviser, based on a consideration of the nature of the closed-end fund’s proposed investments, the prevailing market conditions and the level of demand for such securities, they represent an attractive opportunity for growth of capital. The initial offering price typically will include a dealer spread, which may be higher than the applicable brokerage cost if a Fund purchased such securities in the secondary market.
The shares of many closed-end funds, after their initial public offering, frequently trade at a price per share, which is less than the net asset value per share, the difference representing the “market discount” of such shares. This market discount may be due in part to the investment objective of long-term appreciation, which is sought by many closed-end funds, as well as to the fact that the shares of closed-end funds are not redeemable by the holder upon demand to the issuer at the next determined net asset value but rather are subject to the principles of supply and demand in the secondary market. A relative lack of secondary market purchasers of closed-end fund shares also may contribute to such shares trading at a discount to their net asset value.
A Fund may invest in shares of closed-end funds that are trading at a discount to net asset value or at a premium to net asset value. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by a Fund will ever decrease. In fact, it is possible that this market discount may increase and a Fund may suffer realized or unrealized capital losses due to further decline in the market price of the securities of such closed-end funds, thereby adversely affecting the net asset value of a Fund’s shares. Similarly, there can be no assurance that any shares of a closed-end fund purchased by a Fund at a premium will continue to trade at a premium or that the premium will not decrease subsequent to a purchase of such shares by a Fund.
Closed-end funds may issue senior securities (including preferred stock and debt obligations) for the purpose of leveraging the closed-end fund’s common shares in an attempt to enhance the current return to such closed-end fund’s common shareholders. A Fund’s investment in the common shares of closed-end funds that are financially leveraged may create an opportunity for greater total return on its investment, but at the same time may be expected to exhibit more volatility in market price and net asset value than an investment in shares of investment companies without a leveraged capital structure.
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United States Government Obligations
These consist of various types of marketable securities issued by the United States Treasury, i.e., bills, notes and bonds. Such securities are direct obligations of the United States government and differ mainly in the length of their maturity. Treasury bills, the most frequently issued marketable government security, have a maturity of up to one year and are issued on a discount basis.
United States Government Agencies
These consist of debt securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the United States government, including the various types of instruments currently outstanding or which may be offered in the future. Agencies include, among others, the Federal Housing Administration, Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), Farmer’s Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Maritime Administration, and General Services Administration. Instrumentalities include, for example, each of the Federal Home Loan Banks, the National Bank for Cooperatives, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), the Farm Credit Banks, the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), and the United States Postal Service. These securities are either: (i) backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government (e.g., United States Treasury Bills); (ii) guaranteed by the United States Treasury (e.g., Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities); (iii) supported by the issuing agency’s or instrumentality’s right to borrow from the United States Treasury (e.g., Fannie Mae Discount Notes); or (iv) supported only by the issuing agency’s or instrumentality’s own credit (e.g., Tennessee Valley Association).
Government-related guarantors (i.e. not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Fannie Mae purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by Fannie Mae are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by Fannie Mae but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.
Freddie Mac was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders. Freddie Mac issues PCs, which represent interests in conventional mortgages from Freddie Mac’s national portfolio. Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such nongovernmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers.
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On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department and the Federal Housing Finance Authority (the “FHFA”) announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had been placed into conservatorship, a statutory process designed to stabilize a troubled institution with the objective of returning the entity to normal business operations. The U.S. Treasury Department and the FHFA at the same time established a secured lending facility and a Secured Stock Purchase Agreement with both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to ensure that each entity had the ability to fulfill its financial obligations. The FHFA announced that it does not anticipate any disruption in pattern of payments or ongoing business operations of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
Securities Options
A Fund may purchase and write (i.e., sell) put and call options. Such options may relate to particular securities or stock indices, and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation. Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails greater than ordinary investment risk. Options may be more volatile than the underlying instruments, and therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves.
A call option for a particular security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer (seller) the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option, regardless of the market price of the security. The premium paid to the writer is in consideration for undertaking the obligation under the option contract. A put option for a particular security gives the purchaser the right to sell the security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the security.
Stock index options are put options and call options on various stock indices. In most respects, they are identical to listed options on common stocks. The primary difference between stock options and index options occurs when index options are exercised. In the case of stock options, the underlying security, common stock, is delivered. However, upon the exercise of an index option, settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the index. The option holder who exercises the index option receives an amount of cash if the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than, in the case of a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the stock index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market value of the stocks included in the index. For example, some stock index options are based on a broad market index, such as the Standard & Poor’s 500® Index or the Value Line Composite Index or a narrower market index, such as the Standard & Poor’s 100®. Indices may also be based on an industry or market segment, such as the NYSE Arca Oil and Gas Index or the Computer and Business Equipment Index. Options on stock indices are currently traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ PHLX.
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A Fund’s obligation to sell an instrument subject to a call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by a Fund’s execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be affected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. The cost of such a liquidation purchase plus transactions costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event a Fund will have paid a loss in the transaction. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. An option writer unable to affect a closing purchase transaction will not be able to sell the underlying instrument until the option expires or the optioned instrument is delivered upon exercise. In such circumstances, the writer will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period.
If an option purchased by a Fund expires unexercised, a Fund realizes a loss equal to the premium paid. If a Fund enters into a closing sale transaction on an option purchased by it, a Fund will realize a gain if the premium received by a Fund on the closing transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, or a loss if it is less. If an option written by a Fund expires on the stipulated expiration date or if a Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold). If an option written by a Fund is exercised, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally received and a Fund will realize a gain or loss.
Certain Risks Regarding Options
There are several risks associated with transactions in options. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading value; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Successful use by a Fund of options on stock indices will be subject to the ability of the Adviser to correctly predict movements in the directions of the stock market. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. In addition, a Fund’s ability to effectively hedge all or a portion of the securities in its portfolio, in anticipation of or during a market decline, through transactions in put options on stock indices, depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index correlate with the price movements of the securities held by a Fund. Inasmuch as a Fund’s securities will not duplicate the components of an index, the correlation will not be perfect. Consequently, a Fund bears the risk that the prices of its securities being hedged will not move in the same amount as the prices of its put options on the stock indices. It is also possible that there may be a negative correlation between the index and a Fund’s securities that would result in a loss on both such securities and the options on stock indices acquired by a Fund.
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The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets. The purchase of options is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The purchase of stock index options involves the risk that the premium and transaction costs paid by a Fund in purchasing an option will be lost as a result of unanticipated movements in prices of the securities comprising the stock index on which the option is based.
There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and for some options no secondary market on an exchange or elsewhere may exist. If a Fund is unable to close out a call option on securities that it has written before the option is exercised, a Fund may be required to purchase the optioned securities in order to satisfy its obligation under the option to deliver such securities. If a Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options on securities that it has purchased, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase and sale of the underlying securities.
Cover for Options Positions
Transactions using options (other than options that a Fund has purchased) expose a Fund to an obligation to another party. A Fund will not enter into any such transactions unless it owns either (i) an offsetting (“covered”) position in securities or other options or (ii) cash or liquid securities with a value sufficient at all times to cover its potential obligations not covered as provided in (i) above. A Fund will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments.
Assets used as cover cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding option is open, unless they are replaced with similar assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of a Fund’s assets to cover could impede portfolio management or a Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
Options on Futures Contracts
A Fund may purchase and sell options on the same types of futures in which it may invest. Options on futures are similar to options on underlying instruments except that options on futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), rather than to purchase or sell the futures contract, at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by the delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
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Dealer Options
A Fund may engage in transactions involving dealer options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are specific to dealer options. While a Fund might look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if a Fund were to purchase a dealer option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by a Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while dealer options may not. Consequently, a Fund may generally be able to realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when a Fund writes a dealer option, it may generally be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to whom a Fund originally wrote the option. While a Fund will seek to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with a Fund, there can be no assurance that a Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless a Fund, as a covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, a Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by a Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to a Fund. For example, because a Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, a Fund may not sell the assets it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair a Fund’s ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.
The Staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities. A Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the dealer agrees that a Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. Accordingly, a Fund will treat dealer options as subject to a Fund’s limitation on illiquid securities. If the SEC changes its position on the liquidity of dealer options, a Fund will change its treatment of such instruments accordingly.
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Spread Transactions
A Fund may purchase covered spread options from securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives a Fund the right to put securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed yield spread in relationship to another security that a Fund does not own, but which is used as a benchmark. The risk to a Fund, in addition to the risks of dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect a Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, i.e., the yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. This protection is provided only during the life of the spread options.
Repurchase Agreements
A Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. In a repurchase agreement, an investor (such as a Fund) purchases a security (known as the “underlying security”) from a securities dealer or bank. Any such dealer or bank must be deemed creditworthy by the Adviser. At that time, the bank or securities dealer agrees to repurchase the underlying security at a mutually agreed upon price on a designated future date. The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to a Fund, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the same, with interest at an agreed upon rate due to a Fund on repurchase. In either case, the income to a Fund generally will be unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying securities. Repurchase agreements must be “fully collateralized,” in that the market value of the underlying securities (including accrued interest) must at all times be equal to or greater than the repurchase price. Therefore, a repurchase agreement can be considered a loan collateralized by the underlying securities.
Repurchase agreements are generally for a short period of time, often less than a week, and will generally be used by a Fund to invest excess cash or as part of a temporary defensive strategy. Repurchase agreements that do not provide for payment within seven days will be treated as illiquid securities. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default by the seller of a repurchase agreement, a Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses. These losses could result from: (a) possible decline in the value of the underlying security while a Fund is seeking to enforce its rights under the repurchase agreement; (b) possible reduced levels of income or lack of access to income during this period; and (c) expenses of enforcing its rights.
Trading in Futures Contracts
A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific financial instrument (e.g., units of a stock index) for a specified price, date, time and place designated at the time the contract is made. Brokerage fees are paid when a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained. Entering into a contract to buy is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position. Entering into a contract to sell is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position.
Unlike when a Fund purchases or sells a security, no price would be paid or received by a Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded, and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margins that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded.
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If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in underlying instrument or index in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract so that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to a Fund.
These subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the futures broker, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets fluctuate making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking to the market.” A Fund expects to earn interest income on margin deposits.
Although certain futures contracts, by their terms, require actual future delivery of and payment for the underlying instruments, in practice most futures contracts are usually closed out before the delivery date. Closing out an open futures contract purchase or sale is affected by entering into an offsetting futures contract sale or purchase, respectively, for the same aggregate amount of the identical underlying instrument or index and the same delivery date. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, a Fund realizes a gain; if it is more, a Fund realizes a loss. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, a Fund realizes a gain; if it is less, a Fund realizes a loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. There can be no assurance, however, that a Fund will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time.
For example, one contract in the Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index future is a contract to buy 25 pounds sterling multiplied by the level of the UK Financial Times 100 Share Index on a given future date. Settlement of a stock index futures contract may or may not be in the underlying instrument or index. If not in the underlying instrument or index, then settlement will be made in cash, equivalent over time to the difference between the contract price and the actual price of the underlying asset at the time the stock index futures contract expires.
When-Issued, Forward Commitments and Delayed Settlements
A Fund may purchase and sell securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis. A Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives.
A Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, a Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into, and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to a Fund on the settlement date. In these cases a Fund may realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When a Fund engages in when-issued, forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in a Fund incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to be advantageous.
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The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase, forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when determining the market value of a Fund starting on the day a Fund agrees to purchase the securities. A Fund does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until it has paid for and delivered on the settlement date.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
A Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale (e.g., because they have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”)) and securities that are otherwise not readily marketable (e.g., because trading in the security is suspended or because market makers do not exist or will not entertain bids or offers). Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Foreign securities that are freely tradable in their principal markets are not considered to be illiquid.
Restricted and other illiquid securities may be subject to the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. A Fund might be unable to dispose of illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty in satisfying redemption requests from shareholders. A Fund might have to register restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including foreign securities. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments. Rule 144A under the Securities Act allows such a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restrictions on resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resale of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. Rule 144A has produced enhanced liquidity for many restricted securities, and market liquidity for such securities may continue to expand as a result of this regulation and the consequent existence of the PORTAL system, which is an automated system for the trading, clearance and settlement of unregistered securities of domestic and foreign issuers sponsored by NASDAQ.
Under guidelines adopted by the Board, the Funds’ Adviser may determine that particular Rule 144A securities, and commercial paper issued in reliance on the private placement exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, are liquid even though they are not registered. A determination of whether such a security is liquid or not is a question of fact. In making this determination, the Adviser will consider, as it deems appropriate under the circumstances and among other factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security; (3) the number of other potential purchasers of the security; (4) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; (5) the nature of the security (e.g., debt or equity, date of maturity, terms of dividend or interest payments, and other material terms) and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer); and (6) the rating of the security and the financial condition and prospects of the issuer. In the case of commercial paper, the Adviser will also determine that the paper (1) is not traded flat or in default as to principal and interest, and (2) is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least two National Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”) or, if only one NRSRO rates the security, by that NRSRO, or, if the security is unrated, the Adviser determines that it is of equivalent quality.
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Rule 144A securities and Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper that have been deemed liquid as described above will continue to be monitored by the Adviser to determine if the security is no longer liquid as the result of changed conditions. Investing in Rule 144A securities or Section 4(a)(2) commercial paper could have the effect of increasing the amount of a Fund’s assets invested in illiquid securities if institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase such securities.
Lending Portfolio Securities
For the purpose of achieving income, a Fund may lend its portfolio securities, provided (1) the loan is secured continuously by collateral consisting of U.S. Government securities or cash or cash equivalents (cash, U.S. Government securities, negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to-market basis in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned, (2) a Fund may at any time call the loan and obtain the return of securities loaned, (3) a Fund will receive any interest or dividends received on the loaned securities, and (4) the aggregate value of the securities loaned will not at any time exceed one-third of the total assets of a Fund.
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE POSITION
Each Fund, as well as the underlying investment companies in which a Fund invests, may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with a Fund’s investment objective and principal investment strategies in an attempt to respond to adverse or unstable market, economic, political, or other conditions when the Adviser deems it appropriate to do so. During such an unusual set of circumstances, a Fund (or its underlying investment companies) may hold up to 100% of its portfolios in cash or cash equivalent positions (e.g., money market securities, U.S. Government securities, and/or similar securities). When a Fund (or its underlying investment companies) takes a temporary or defensive position, a Fund may not be able to pursue or achieve its investment objective.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Funds have adopted the following investment restrictions that may not be changed without approval by a “majority of the outstanding shares” of a Fund, which, as used in this SAI, means the vote of the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the shares of a Fund represented at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a Fund. The Funds may not:
Issue senior securities, except as otherwise permitted under the 1940 Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder;
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Borrow money, except (a) from a bank, provided that immediately after such borrowing there is an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings of a Fund; or (b) from a bank or other persons for temporary purposes only, provided that such temporary borrowings are in an amount not exceeding 5% of a Fund’s total assets at the time when the borrowing is made. This limitation does not preclude a Fund from entering into reverse repurchase transactions, provided that a Fund has an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings and repurchase commitments of a Fund pursuant to reverse repurchase transactions;
Purchase securities on margin, participate on a joint or joint and several basis in any securities trading account, or underwrite securities. (Does not preclude a Fund from obtaining such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of its portfolio securities, and except to the extent that a Fund may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act, by virtue of disposing of portfolio securities);
Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate. This limitation is not applicable to investments in marketable securities that are secured by or represent interests in real estate. This limitation does not preclude a Fund from investing in mortgage-related securities or investing in companies engaged in the real estate business or that have a significant portion of their assets in real estate (including real estate investment trusts);
Invest more than 25% of the market value of its assets in the securities of companies engaged in any one industry or group of industries. (Does not apply to investment in the securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.);
Purchase or sell commodities (unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other investments) or commodity futures contracts, except that those Funds that are registered as commodity pools are not subject to this limitation, and except that all the Funds may purchase and sell futures contracts and options to the full extent permitted under the 1940 Act, sell foreign currency contracts in accordance with any rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, invest in securities or other instruments backed by commodities, and invest in companies that are engaged in a commodities business or have a significant portion of their assets in commodities; or
Make loans to others, except that a Fund may, in accordance with its investment objective and policies, (i) lend portfolio securities, (ii) purchase and hold debt securities or other debt instruments, including but not limited to loan participations and sub-participations, assignments, and structured securities, (iii) make loans secured by mortgages on real property, (iv) enter into repurchase agreements, (v) enter into transactions where each loan is represented by a note executed by the borrower, and (vi) make time deposits with financial institutions and invest in instruments issued by financial institutions. For purposes of this limitation, the term “loans” shall not include the purchase of a portion of an issue of publicly distributed bonds, debentures or other securities.
If a restriction on a Fund’s investments is adhered to at the time an investment is made, a subsequent change in the percentage of Fund assets invested in certain securities or other instruments of a Fund’s investment portfolio, resulting from changes in the value of a Fund’s total assets, will not be considered a violation of the restriction; provided, however, that the asset coverage requirement applicable to borrowings shall be maintained in the manner contemplated by applicable law.
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With respect to fundamental investment limitation 2 above, if a Fund’s asset coverage falls below 300%, a Fund will reduce borrowing within 3 days in order to ensure that a Fund has 300% asset coverage.
With respect to Fundamental Investment Restriction #5, if a Fund invests in one or more investment companies that concentrates its investments in a particular industry, a Fund will examine its other investment company holdings to ensure that a Fund is not indirectly concentrating its investments in a particular industry.
Although fundamental investment restriction #7 reserves for a Fund the ability to make loans, there is no present intent to loan money or portfolio securities and additional disclosure will be provided if such a strategy is implemented in the future.
THE FOLLOWING ARE ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS OF THE FUNDS. THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS NON-FUNDAMENTAL AND MAY BE CHANGED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE TRUST WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF SHAREHOLDERS.
| 1. | 80% Investment Policy. The Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF has adopted a policy to invest at least 80% of its assets (defined as net assets plus the amount of borrowing for investment purposes) in fixed income closed-end funds. |
Shareholders of the Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF will be provided with at least 60 days’ prior notice of any change in the Fund’s policy.
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Trust has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of information about a Fund’s portfolio holdings. A Fund and its service providers may not receive compensation or any other consideration (which includes any agreement to maintain assets in a Fund or in other investment companies or accounts managed by the Adviser or any affiliated person of the Adviser) in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information of a Fund. The Trust’s policy is implemented and overseen by the Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust, subject to the oversight of the Board. Periodic reports regarding these procedures will be provided to the Board. The Trust, the Adviser and the Distributor will not disseminate non-public information concerning the Trust. The Board must approve all material amendments to this policy.
Each business day, a Fund’s portfolio holdings information will generally be provided for dissemination through the facilities of the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”) and/or other fee-based subscription services to NSCC members and/or subscribers to those other fee-based subscription services, including Authorized Participants (as defined below), and to entities that publish and/or analyze such information in connection with the process of purchasing or redeeming Creation Units or trading shares of a Fund in the secondary market. This information typically reflects a Fund’s anticipated holdings as of the next Business Day. Access to information concerning each Fund’s portfolio holdings may be permitted to personnel of third party service providers, including a Fund’s custodian, transfer agent, auditors and counsel, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with such service providers’ agreements with the Trust on behalf of a Fund.
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A Fund discloses on the Adviser’s website at www.rareviewcapital.com at the start of each Business a table/chart showing the number of days a Fund’s shares traded at a premium or discount during the most recently completed calendar year and calendar quarters of the current year; in certain instances disclosure that the premium or discount was greater than 2% along with a discussion of the factors that materially contributed to the premium or discount; and median bid-ask spread over the most recent thirty calendar days.
Quarterly Portfolio Schedule. The Trust is required to disclose, after its first and third fiscal quarters, the complete schedule of a Fund’s portfolio holdings with the SEC on Form N-Port. The Trust will also disclose a complete schedule of each Fund’s portfolio holdings with the SEC on Form N-CSR after its second and fourth quarters.
Form N-PORT and Form N-CSR for a Fund will be available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Each Fund’s Form N-PORT and Form N-CSR will be available without charge, upon request, by calling 1-888-783-8637..
The Adviser. Personnel of the Adviser, including personnel responsible for managing the Fund’s portfolio, may have full daily access to Fund’s portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for the Adviser to provide its management, administrative, and investment services to the Funds. As required for purposes of analyzing the impact of existing and future market changes on the prices, availability, as demand and liquidity of such securities, as well as for the assistance of portfolio managers in the trading of such securities, Adviser personnel may also release and discuss certain portfolio holdings with various broker-dealers.
Collaborative Fund Services, LLC, is the Funds’ administrator and provides compliance services to the Funds. Its personnel have daily access to the Funds’ portfolio holdings in order to provide the agreed upon-services to the Trust.
Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. is the Funds’ accountant and sub-administrator; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Funds’ portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.
Citibank N.A. is custodian for the Fund; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Fund’s portfolio holdings since that information is necessary in order for them to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.
Cohen & Company, Ltd. is the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm; therefore, its personnel have access to the Funds’ portfolio holdings in connection with auditing of the Funds’ annual financial statements and providing assistance and consultation in connection with SEC filings.
Thompson Hine LLP is counsel to the Trust; therefore, its personnel have access to the Funds’ portfolio holdings in connection with review of the Funds’ annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and SEC filings.
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Additions to List of Approved Recipients
The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer is the person responsible, and whose prior approval is required, for any disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio securities at any time or to any persons other than those described above. In such cases, the recipient must have a legitimate business need for the information and must be subject to a duty to keep the information confidential. There are no ongoing arrangements in place with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings. In no event shall a Fund, the Adviser, or any other party receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings.
Compliance with Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Procedures
The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer will report periodically to the Board with respect to compliance with a Fund’s portfolio holdings disclosure procedures, and from time to time will provide the Board any updates to the portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.
There is no assurance that the Trust’s policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings will protect a Fund from the potential misuse of holdings information by individuals or firms in possession of that information.
MANAGEMENT
The business of the Trust is managed under the direction of the Board in accordance with the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Trust’s By-laws (the “Governing Documents”), which have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are available upon request. The Board consists of five (5) individuals, four of whom are not “interested persons” (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Trust or any investment adviser to any series of the Trust (“Independent Trustees”). Pursuant to the Governing Documents of the Trust, the Trustees shall elect officers including a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Principal Executive Officer and a Principal Accounting Officer. The Board retains the power to conduct, operate and carry on the business of the Trust and has the power to incur and pay any expenses, which, in the opinion of the Board, are necessary or incidental to carry out any of the Trust’s purposes. The Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust, when acting in such capacities, shall not be subject to any personal liability except for his or her own bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties.
Board Leadership Structure
The Trust is led by Gregory Skidmore, who has served as the Chairman of the Board since November 5, 2021. Mr. Skidmore is considered an “Interested” Trustees as defined in the 1940 Act, because of his ownership interest in Collaborative Fund Services, LLC (“CFS”). CFS serves as administrator to the Trust. The Board is comprised of Mr. Skidmore and four other Trustees, none of whom are an interested person (“Independent Trustees”). The Independent Trustees have not selected a Lead Independent Trustee. Additionally, under certain 1940 Act governance guidelines that apply to the Trust, the Independent Trustees will meet in executive session, at least quarterly. Under the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, the Chairman of the Board is responsible for (a) presiding at board meetings, (b) calling special meetings on an as-needed basis, and, more generally, in-practice (c) execution and administration of Trust policies including (i) setting the agendas for board meetings and (ii) providing information to board members in advance of each board meeting and between board meetings. Generally, the Trust believes it best to have a single leader who is seen by shareholders, business partners and other stakeholders as providing strong leadership. The Trust believes that its Chairman together with the Audit Committee and the full Board, provide effective leadership that is in the best interests of the Trust and the Funds shareholders because of the Board’s collective business acumen and understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate.
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Board Risk Oversight
The Board of Trustees is comprised of Mr. Gregory Skidmore, an Interested Trustees, and four Independent Trustees with a standing independent Audit Committee with a separate chair. The Board is responsible for overseeing risk management, and the full Board regularly engages in discussions of risk management and receives compliance reports that inform its oversight of risk management from its Chief Compliance Officer at quarterly meetings and on an ad hoc basis, when and if necessary. The Audit Committee considers financial and reporting risk within its area of responsibilities. Generally, the Board believes that its oversight of material risks is adequately maintained through the compliance-reporting chain where the Chief Compliance Officer is the primary recipient and communicator of such risk-related information, and the Audit Committee’s communications with the independent registered public accounting firm.
Trustee Qualifications
Generally, the Trust believes that each Trustee is competent to serve because of their individual overall merits including: (i) experience, (ii) qualifications, (iii) attributes and (iv) skills.
Gregory Skidmore – Interested Trustee – Mr. Skidmore has fifteen years of financial industry experience, holds a series 65 license, and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies operate. He graduated from Connecticut College in 1999 with a Bachelor of Arts in Economics and History.
Dean Drulias Esq. – Independent Trustee – Mr. Drulias has been a practicing attorney for over thirty years. He has extensive experience and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which financial entities must operate. Additionally, he is well versed in corporate and transactional law.
Shawn Orser – Independent Trustee – Mr. Orser has over ten years’ experience in the financial services industry, spanning from Merrill Lynch to the hedge fund industry. Mr. Orser holds a FINRA Series 7, Series 63, Series 55, and Series 66 licenses. He has a Bachelor of Science in Finance from Syracuse University.
Fredrick Stoleru – Independent Trustee – Mr. Stoleru has over two decades of financial industry experience, holds both FINRA Series 7 and Series 63 licenses, and has a Master’s degree in Business Administration from Georgetown University. Like other trustees, his experience has given him a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies operate.
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Ronald Young Jr. – Independent Trustee - Mr. Young currently serves as the President of Young Consulting, LLC, a company that provides business consulting. He also, serves as President of Tri-State LED, Inc., a corporation that provides comprehensive LED lighting solutions. Previously, he co-founded and served as the managing partner for a diversified private equity capital firm and real estate development company.
The Trust does not believe any one factor is determinative in assessing a Trustee’s qualifications, but that the collective experience of each Trustee makes the Board highly effective.
The following tables provide information about Board of Trustees and the senior officers of the Trust. Information about each Trustee is provided below and includes each person’s: name, address, age (as of the date of the Funds’ most recent fiscal year end), present position(s) held with the Trust, principal occupations for the past five years. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each person listed below is c/o Collaborative Fund Services, LLC, 500 Damonte Ranch Parkway Building 700, Unit 700, Reno NV 89521. Unless otherwise noted, each officer is elected annually by the Board.
|
|
Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex** Overseen by Trustee |
Other Directorships held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Dean Drulias, Esq. Year of Birth: 1947
|
Trustee | Attorney (self-employed), since 2012 | 12 | None |
Shawn
Orser
|
Trustee | CEO, Seaside Advisory (6/2016-Present); Executive Vice President, Seaside Advisory (2009-6/2016). | 12 | None |
Fredrick Stoleru Year of Birth: 1971 |
Trustee | Chief Executive Officer and President of Atlas Resources LLC since February 2017, Senior Vice President, Atlas Energy, 2015-2017, Vice President of the General Partner of Atlas Growth Partners, L.P. since 2013.
|
12 | None |
Ronald Young Jr. Year of Birth: 1974 |
None | President - Young Consulting, Inc. (2008-Present); President – Tri State LED, Inc. (2010-Present).
|
12 | None |
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Interested Trustees and Officers
|
Position/
|
Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex** Overseen by Trustee |
Other Directorships held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Gregory Skidmore Year of Birth: 1976 |
Trustee and President | President, Belpointe Asset Management, LLC since 2007. | 12 | None |
Kyle R. Bubeck Year of Birth: 1955
|
Chief Compliance Officer | President and Founder of Beacon Compliance Consulting, Inc. (since 2010); CFO and CCO of Trendstar Advisors, LLC (2003 to 2009). | N/A | N/A |
William McCormick Year of Birth: 1964
|
Treasurer | Senior Wealth Advisor – Belpointe Asset Management (since 2019); Wealth Advisor – Advisory Services Network (2016 to 2019) | N/A | N/A |
Brad Rundbaken Year of Birth: 1970
|
Secretary | Manager – Collaborative Fund Services, LLC (since 2018); Wealth Advisor – Belpointe Asset Management (2015 to 2018) | N/A | N/A |
| * | The term of office for each Trustee and officer listed above will continue indefinitely until the individual resigns or is removed. |
| ** | As of September 2022, the Trust was comprised of 12 active series. The term “Fund Complex” applies only to the Collaborative Investment Series Trust. |
Board Committees