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Form 10-Q MASTERCARD INC For: Mar 31

April 28, 2016 10:25 AM EDT

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q
 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016
Or
 
o

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission file number: 001-32877
MasterCard Incorporated
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
13-4172551
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(IRS Employer
Identification Number)
 
 
2000 Purchase Street
10577
Purchase, NY
(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)
 

(914) 249-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
        
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x     No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):
 
Large accelerated filer
 
x
  
Accelerated filer
 
o  
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
o  (do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  
Smaller reporting company
 
o
    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes  o    No  x
As of April 21, 2016, there were 1,078,665,919 shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share; and 20,382,480 shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share.
 



MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



2


In this Report on Form 10-Q (“Report”), references to the “Company,” “MasterCard,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to the MasterCard brand generally, and to the business conducted by MasterCard Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries, including our operating subsidiary, MasterCard International Incorporated.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Report contains forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical facts may be forward-looking statements. When used in this Report, the words “believe”, “expect”, “could”, “may”, “would”, “will”, “trend” and similar words are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that relate to the Company’s future prospects, developments and business strategies.
Many factors and uncertainties relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control, influence whether any forward-looking statements can or will be achieved. Any one of those factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in writing in any forward-looking statements made by MasterCard or on its behalf, including, but not limited to, the following factors:
payments system-related legal and regulatory challenges (including interchange fees, surcharging and the extension of current regulatory activity to additional jurisdictions or products);
the impact of preferential or protective government actions;
regulation of privacy, data protection and security;
regulation to which we are subject based on our participation in the payments industry;
the impact of competition in the global payments industry (including disintermediation and pricing pressure);
the challenges relating to rapid technological developments and changes;
the impact of information security failures, breaches or service disruptions on our business;
issues related to our relationships with our customers (including loss of substantial business from significant customers, competitor relationships with our customers and banking industry consolidation);
the impact of our relationships with stakeholders, including issuers and acquirers, merchants and governments;
exposure to loss or illiquidity due to settlement guarantees and other significant third-party obligations;
the impact of global economic and political events and conditions, including global financial market activity, declines in cross-border activity; negative trends in consumer spending and the effect of adverse currency fluctuation;
reputational impact, including impact related to brand perception, account data breaches and fraudulent activity;
issues related to acquisition integration, strategic investments and entry into new businesses;
potential or incurred liability and limitations on business resulting from litigation; and
issues related to our Class A common stock and corporate governance structure.
Please see a complete discussion of these risk factors in Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. We caution you that the important factors referenced above may not contain all of the factors that are important to you. Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Report or as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update our forward-looking statements.


3


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(UNAUDITED)
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
(in millions, except per share data)
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
4,894

 
$
5,747

Restricted cash for litigation settlement
542

 
541

Investments
1,314

 
991

Accounts receivable
1,186

 
1,079

Settlement due from customers
1,020

 
1,068

Restricted security deposits held for customers
937

 
895

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
713

 
663

Total Current Assets
10,606

 
10,984

Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $526 and $491, respectively
669

 
675

Deferred income taxes
353

 
317

Goodwill
1,886

 
1,891

Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $871 and $816, respectively
788

 
803

Other assets
1,603

 
1,580

Total Assets
$
15,905

 
$
16,250

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
409

 
$
472

Settlement due to customers
849

 
866

Restricted security deposits held for customers
937

 
895

Accrued litigation
710

 
709

Accrued expenses
2,876

 
2,763

Other current liabilities
659

 
564

Total Current Liabilities
6,440

 
6,269

Long-term debt
3,333

 
3,268

Deferred income taxes
76

 
79

Other liabilities
545

 
572

Total Liabilities
10,394

 
10,188

Commitments and Contingencies

 

Stockholders’ Equity
 
 

Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 3,000 shares, 1,372 and 1,370 shares issued and 1,082 and 1,095 outstanding, respectively

 

Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 1,200 shares, 20 and 21 issued and outstanding, respectively

 

Additional paid-in-capital
4,009

 
4,004

Class A treasury stock, at cost, 291 and 275 shares, respectively
(14,882
)
 
(13,522
)
Retained earnings
16,972

 
16,222

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(620
)
 
(676
)
Total Stockholders’ Equity
5,479

 
6,028

Non-controlling interests
32

 
34

Total Equity
5,511

 
6,062

Total Liabilities and Equity
$
15,905

 
$
16,250


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


4


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)


 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions, except per share data)
Net Revenue
$
2,446

 
$
2,230

Operating Expenses
 
 
 
General and administrative
868

 
650

Advertising and marketing
135

 
142

Depreciation and amortization
95

 
87

Total operating expenses
1,098

 
879

Operating income
1,348

 
1,351

Other Income (Expense)
 
 
 
Investment income
10

 
9

Interest expense
(20
)
 
(17
)
Other income (expense), net
(1
)
 
(3
)
Total other income (expense)
(11
)
 
(11
)
Income before income taxes
1,337

 
1,340

Income tax expense
378

 
320

Net Income
$
959

 
$
1,020

 
 
 
 
Basic Earnings per Share
$
0.86

 
$
0.89

Basic Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding
1,109

 
1,148

Diluted Earnings per Share
$
0.86

 
$
0.89

Diluted Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding
1,112

 
1,152


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



5


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(UNAUDITED)

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Net Income
$
959

 
$
1,020

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
94

 
(380
)
Income tax effect
2

 
5

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of income tax effect
96

 
(375
)
 
 
 
 
Translation adjustments on net investment hedge
(64
)
 

Income tax effect
22

 

Translation adjustments on net investment hedge, net of income tax effect
(42
)
 

 
 
 
 
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans

 
1

Income tax effect

 

Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans, net of income tax effect

 
1

 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale
3

 
(5
)
Income tax effect
(1
)
 

Investment securities available-for-sale, net of income tax effect
2

 
(5
)
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
56

 
(379
)
Comprehensive Income
$
1,015

 
$
641


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)

 
Total
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Class A
Treasury
Stock
 
Non-
Controlling
Interests
 
 
 
Class A
 
Class B
 
 
(in millions, except per share data)
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
6,062

 
$
16,222

 
$
(676
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
4,004

 
$
(13,522
)
 
$
34

Net income
959

 
959

 

 

 

 

 

 

Activity related to non-controlling interests
(2
)
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(2
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
56

 

 
56

 

 

 

 

 

Cash dividends declared on Class A and Class B common stock, $0.19 per share
(209
)
 
(209
)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Purchases of treasury stock
(1,364
)
 

 

 

 

 

 
(1,364
)
 

Share-based payments
9

 

 

 

 

 
5

 
4

 

Balance at March 31, 2016
$
5,511

 
$
16,972

 
$
(620
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
4,009

 
$
(14,882
)
 
$
32


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


6


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Operating Activities
 
 
 
Net income
$
959

 
$
1,020

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Amortization of customer and merchant incentives
204

 
184

Depreciation and amortization
95

 
87

Share-based payments
(40
)
 
(53
)
Deferred income taxes
(20
)
 
37

Other
(15
)
 
(37
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(87
)
 
(30
)
Income taxes receivable
(3
)
 
(63
)
Settlement due from customers
69

 
(108
)
Prepaid expenses
(180
)
 
(57
)
Accrued litigation and legal settlements
6

 
(40
)
Accounts payable
(75
)
 
1

Settlement due to customers
(41
)
 
158

Accrued expenses
27

 
(214
)
Net change in other assets and liabilities
109

 
26

Net cash provided by operating activities
1,008

 
911

Investing Activities
 
 
 
Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale
(446
)
 
(691
)
Purchases of other short-term investments held-to-maturity
(60
)
 

Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale
69

 
84

Proceeds from maturities of investment securities available-for-sale
55

 
166

Proceeds from maturities of investment securities held-to-maturity
80

 

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired

 
(12
)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
(37
)
 
(31
)
Capitalized software
(38
)
 
(26
)
Other investing activities
(8
)
 
(9
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(385
)
 
(519
)
Financing Activities
 
 
 
Purchases of treasury stock
(1,357
)
 
(947
)
Dividends paid
(212
)
 
(184
)
Tax benefit for share-based payments
22

 
27

Cash proceeds from exercise of stock options
4

 
10

Other financing activities
(2
)
 
(6
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(1,545
)
 
(1,100
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
69

 
(222
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(853
)
 
(930
)
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period
5,747

 
5,137

Cash and cash equivalents - end of period
$
4,894

 
$
4,207

 
 
 
 
Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
 
 
 
Fair value of assets acquired, net of cash acquired
$

 
$
13

Fair value of liabilities assumed related to acquisitions
$

 
$

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


7


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
MasterCard Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries, including MasterCard International Incorporated (“MasterCard International” and together with MasterCard Incorporated, “MasterCard” or the “Company”), is a technology company in the global payments industry that connects consumers, financial institutions, merchants, governments and businesses worldwide, enabling them to use electronic forms of payment instead of cash and checks. The Company facilitates the processing of payment transactions including authorization, clearing and settlement, and delivers related products and services. The Company makes payments easier and more efficient by creating a wide range of payment solutions and services through a family of well-known brands, including MasterCard®, Maestro® and Cirrus®. The Company also provides value-added offerings such as loyalty and reward programs, information services and consulting. The Company’s network is designed to ensure safety and security for the global payments system. A typical transaction on the Company’s network involves four participants in addition to the Company: cardholder, merchant, issuer (the cardholder’s financial institution) and acquirer (the merchant’s financial institution). The Company’s customers encompass a vast array of entities, including financial institutions and other entities that act as “issuers” and “acquirers”, as well as merchants, governments, telecommunication companies and other businesses. The Company does not issue cards, extend credit, determine or receive revenue from interest rates or other fees charged to cardholders by issuers, or establish the rates charged by acquirers in connection with merchants’ acceptance of the Company’s branded cards.
Consolidation and basis of presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of MasterCard and its majority-owned and controlled entities, including any variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no significant VIEs which required consolidation. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 presentation. In addition, the March 31, 2015 statement of cash flows was revised to correctly classify purchases of and proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale with no net impact to investing activities (both line items were revised by $432 million). The Company follows accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
The balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2015. The consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 and as of March 31, 2016 are unaudited, and in the opinion of management, include all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the results for interim periods. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and, consequently, do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP. Reference should be made to the MasterCard Incorporated Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 for additional disclosures, including a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies.
Non-controlling interest amounts are included in the consolidated statement of operations within other income (expense). For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 activity from non-controlling interests was insignificant.
Recent accounting pronouncements
Share-Based Payments - In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued accounting guidance related to share-based payments to employees. Under this guidance, companies will be required to recognize the income tax effects of awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled (i.e., additional paid-in-capital pools will be eliminated). In addition, the new guidance changes the limit that companies are allowed to withhold for employees without triggering liability classification and allows companies to make a policy election to either recognize forfeitures as they occur or estimate them. The new guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption is permitted. The required transition methods for each aspect of the new guidance varies between prospective, retrospective and modified retrospective. The Company is in the process of evaluating the potential effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and which method of adoption it will select.


8


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Leases - In February 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance that will change how companies account for and present lease arrangements. The guidance requires companies to recognize leased assets and liabilities for both capital and operating leases. The new guidance is effective for periods after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. Companies are required to adopt the guidance on a modified retrospective method. The Company is evaluating the potential effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Debt Issuance Costs - In April 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance that changed the current presentation of debt issuance costs on the balance sheet. This new guidance moves debt issuance costs from the assets section of the balance sheet to the liabilities section as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt issued. The Company adopted the accounting guidance effective January 1, 2016. The Company applied the new guidance retrospectively and, as such, the December 31, 2015 balance sheet was adjusted to reflect the effects of the new standard. This retrospective adjustment resulted in reductions of prepaid expenses and other current assets, other assets and long-term debt by $1 million, $18 million and $19 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2016, $19 million of debt issuance costs were presented off-setting long-term debt.
Revenue Recognition - In May 2014, the FASB issued accounting guidance that provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition requirements. Under this guidance, an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance that delayed the effective date of this standard by one year, making the guidance effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company will adopt the new accounting guidance effective January 1, 2018. The accounting guidance permits either a full retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. The Company is in the process of evaluating the potential effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and which method of adoption it will select.
Note 2. Earnings Per Share
The components of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) for common stock were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions, except per share data)
Numerator:
 
 
 
Net income
$
959

 
$
1,020

Denominator:
 
 
 
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
1,109

 
1,148

Dilutive stock options and stock units
3

 
4

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1
1,112

 
1,152

Earnings per Share:
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.86

 
$
0.89

Diluted
$
0.86

 
$
0.89


1 For the periods presented, the calculation of diluted EPS excluded a minimal amount of anti-dilutive share-based payment awards.
Note 3. Fair Value and Investment Securities
Financial Instruments – Recurring Measurements
The Company classifies its fair value measurements of financial instruments into a three-level hierarchy (the “Valuation Hierarchy”). There were no transfers made among the three levels in the Valuation Hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2016.


9


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


The distribution of the Company’s financial instruments which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis within the Valuation Hierarchy was as follows:
 
March 31, 2016
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$

 
$
59

 
$

 
$
59

Government and agency securities 1
38

 
121

 

 
159

Corporate securities

 
913

 

 
913

Asset-backed securities

 
71

 

 
71

Other
2

 
(36
)
 

 
(34
)
Total
$
40

 
$
1,128

 
$

 
$
1,168

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$

 
$
62

 
$

 
$
62

Government and agency securities 1
31

 
64

 

 
95

Corporate securities

 
645

 

 
645

Asset-backed securities

 
57

 

 
57

Other
2

 
14

 

 
16

Total
$
33

 
$
842

 
$

 
$
875

1 Excludes amounts held in escrow related to the U.S. merchant class litigation settlement of $542 million and $541 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, which would be included in Level 1 of the Valuation Hierarchy. See Note 5 (Accrued Expenses and Accrued Litigation) and Note 10 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings) for further details.
The fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale municipal securities, government and agency securities, corporate securities and asset-backed securities are based on quoted prices for similar assets in active markets and are therefore included in Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy. The Company’s foreign currency derivative contracts have also been classified within Level 2 in the Other category of the Valuation Hierarchy, as the fair value is based on broker quotes for the same or similar derivative instruments. See Note 12 (Foreign Exchange Risk Management) for further details. The Company’s U.S. government securities and marketable equity securities are classified within Level 1 of the Valuation Hierarchy as the fair values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets.
Financial Instruments - Non-Recurring Measurements
Certain financial instruments are carried on the consolidated balance sheet at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term, highly liquid nature. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, time deposits, accounts receivable, settlement due from customers, restricted security deposits held for customers, accounts payable, settlement due to customers and accrued expenses. In addition, nonmarketable equity investments are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for purposes of initial recognition and impairment testing.
Investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheet include both available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities. Available-for-sale securities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are included in the Valuation Hierarchy table above. Held-to-maturity securities are made up of time deposits with maturities of greater than three months and less than one year and are classified as Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy, but are not included in the table above due to their fair values not being measured on a recurring basis. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the cost, which approximates fair value, of the Company’s held-to-maturity securities was $110 million and $130 million, respectively.


10


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Debt
The Company estimates the fair value of its long-term debt using the market pricing approach which applies market assumptions for relevant though not directly comparable undertakings. Long-term debt is classified as Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy. At March 31, 2016, the carrying value and fair value of long-term debt was $3.3 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively. At December 31, 2015, the carrying value and fair value of long-term debt was $3.3 billion.
Settlement and Other Guarantee Liabilities
The Company estimates the fair value of its settlement and other guarantees using the market pricing approach which applies market assumptions for relevant though not directly comparable undertakings, as the latter are not observable in the market given the proprietary nature of such guarantees. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the carrying value and fair value of settlement and other guarantee liabilities were not material. Settlement and other guarantee liabilities are classified as Level 3 of the Valuation Hierarchy as their valuation requires substantial judgment and estimation of factors that are not currently observable in the market. For additional information regarding the Company’s settlement and other guarantee liabilities, see Note 11 (Settlement and Other Risk Management).
Non-Financial Instruments
Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for purposes of initial recognition and impairment testing. The Company’s non-financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include property, plant and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets. These assets are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment.
Amortized Costs and Fair Values – Available-for-Sale Investment Securities
The major classes of the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities, for which unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, and their respective amortized cost basis and fair values as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows:
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$
59

 
$

 
$

 
$
59

Government and agency securities
159

 

 

 
159

Corporate securities
910

 
3

 

 
913

Asset-backed securities
71

 

 

 
71

Other
2

 

 

 
2

Total
$
1,201

 
$
3

 
$

 
$
1,204

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$
62

 
$

 
$

 
$
62

Government and agency securities
94

 
1

 

 
95

Corporate securities
646

 

 
(1
)
 
645

Asset-backed securities
57

 

 

 
57

Other
2

 

 

 
2

Total
$
861

 
$
1

 
$
(1
)
 
$
861



11


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


The municipal securities are primarily comprised of tax-exempt bonds and are diversified across states and sectors. Government and agency securities include U.S. government bonds, U.S. government sponsored agency bonds and foreign government bonds with similar credit quality to that of the U.S. government bonds. Corporate securities are comprised of commercial paper and corporate bonds. The asset-backed securities are investments in bonds which are collateralized primarily by automobile loan receivables.
Investment Maturities
The maturity distribution based on the contractual terms of the Company’s investment securities at March 31, 2016 was as follows:
 
Available-For-Sale
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
(in millions)
Due within 1 year
$
413

 
$
413

Due after 1 year through 5 years
780

 
782

Due after 5 years through 10 years
1

 
1

Due after 10 years
6

 
6

No contractual maturity 1
1

 
2

Total
$
1,201

 
$
1,204

1 Equity securities have been included in the No contractual maturity category, as these securities do not have stated maturity dates.
Investment Income
Investment income primarily consists of interest income generated from cash, cash equivalents and investments. Gross realized gains and losses are recorded within investment income on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The gross realized gains and losses from the sales of available-for-sale securities for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were not significant.
Note 4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
$
411

 
$
345

Prepaid income taxes
43

 
72

Other
259

 
246

Total prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
713

 
$
663

Other assets consisted of the following:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
$
831

 
$
810

Nonmarketable equity investments
169

 
166

Prepaid income taxes
360

 
352

Income taxes receivable
150

 
160

Other
93

 
92

Total other assets
$
1,603

 
$
1,580

Customer and merchant incentives represent payments made or amounts to be paid to customers and merchants under business agreements. Costs directly related to entering into such an agreement are generally deferred and amortized over the life of the


12


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


agreement. Amounts to be paid for these incentives and the related liability were included in accrued expenses and other liabilities.
Non-current prepaid income taxes, included in the other asset table above, primarily consists of taxes paid in 2014 relating to the deferred charge on intercompany profits resulting from the reorganization of the Company’s legal entity and tax structure to better align with the business footprint of its non-U.S. operations. This deferred charge is amortized over 25 years.
Note 5. Accrued Expenses and Accrued Litigation
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
$
1,932

 
$
1,748

Personnel costs
239

 
473

Advertising
58

 
114

Income and other taxes
354

 
143

Other
293

 
285

Total accrued expenses
$
2,876

 
$
2,763

As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company’s provision related to U.S. merchant litigations was $710 million and $709 million, respectively. These amounts are not included in the accrued expenses table above and are separately reported as accrued litigation on the consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2016, MasterCard executed settlement agreements with a number of opt-out merchants and no adjustment to the amount previously recorded was deemed necessary. See Note 10 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings) for further discussion of the U.S. merchant class litigation.
Note 6. Stockholders’ Equity
The Company’s Board of Directors has approved share repurchase programs authorizing the Company to repurchase its Class A common stock. The Company typically completes a share repurchase program before a new program becomes effective. The following table summarizes the Company’s share repurchase authorizations of its Class A common stock through March 31, 2016, as well as historical purchases:
 
Authorization Dates
 
December 2015
 
December
2014
 
December
2013
 
Total
 
(in millions, except average price data)
Board authorization
$
4,000

 
$
3,750

 
$
3,500

 
$
11,250

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2015
$

 
$
672

 
$
275

 
$
947

Remaining authorization at December 31, 2015
$
4,000

 
$
507

 
$

 
$
4,507

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2016
$
850

 
$
507

 
$

 
$
1,357

Remaining authorization at March 31, 2016
$
3,150

 
$

 
$

 
$
3,150

Shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2015

 
7.8

 
3.2

 
11.0

Average price paid per share during the three months ended March 31, 2015
$

 
$
87.17

 
$
84.31

 
$
86.32

Shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2016
9.7

 
5.7

 

 
15.4

Average price paid per share during the three months ended March 31, 2016
$
87.38

 
$
89.76

 
$

 
$
88.26

Cumulative shares repurchased through March 31, 2016
9.7

 
40.8

 
45.8

 
96.3

Cumulative average price paid per share
$
87.38

 
$
92.03

 
$
76.42

 
$
84.13



13


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Note 7. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
 
Translation Adjustments on Net Investment Hedge
 
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans
 
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2014
$
(230
)
 
$

 
$
(26
)
 
$
(4
)
 
$
(260
)
Current period other comprehensive income (loss) 1,2
(375
)
 

 
1

 
(5
)
 
(379
)
Balance at March 31, 2015
$
(605
)
 
$

 
$
(25
)
 
$
(9
)

$
(639
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
(663
)
 
$
(26
)
 
$
13

 
$

 
$
(676
)
Current period other comprehensive income (loss) 1,3
96

 
(42
)
 

 
2

 
56

Balance at March 31, 2016
$
(567
)
 
$
(68
)
 
$
13

 
$
2

 
$
(620
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, deferred costs related to the Company’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans were not significant and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to general and administrative expenses. Additionally, insignificant gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to investment income.
2 During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the increase in other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the devaluation of the euro.
3 During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the decrease in other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the appreciation of the euro.
Note 8. Share-Based Payments
During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company granted the following awards under the MasterCard Incorporated 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (“LTIP”). The LTIP is a shareholder-approved plan that permits the grant of various types of equity awards to employees.
 
Granted in 2016
 
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
 
(in millions)
 
 
Non-qualified stock options
1.7
 
$19
Restricted stock units
1.3
 
$88
Performance stock units
0.2
 
$92
Stock options generally vest in four equal annual installments beginning one year after the date of grant and have a term of ten years. The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant date fair value of stock options and calculated the expected term and the expected volatility based on historical MasterCard information. As a result, the expected term of stock options granted in the first quarter of 2016 was five years, while the expected volatility was determined to be 23.3%.
Vesting of the shares underlying the restricted stock units and performance stock units will generally occur three years after the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock units is determined and fixed on the grant date based on the Company’s Class A common stock price, adjusted for the exclusion of dividend equivalents. The Monte Carlo simulation valuation model was used to determine the grant date fair value of performance stock units granted.


14


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


Compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures over the shorter of the vesting period or the date the individual becomes eligible to retire under the LTIP. The Company uses the straight-line method of attribution over the requisite service period for expensing equity awards.
Note 9. Income Taxes
The effective income tax rates were 28.3% and 23.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the effective tax rate was higher than the comparable period in 2015, due to the recognition of a discrete benefit in 2015 relating to certain foreign taxes becoming eligible to be claimed as credits in the United States.
The Company conducts operations in multiple countries and, as a result, is subjected to tax examinations in various jurisdictions, including the United States.  Uncertain tax positions are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are adjusted after considering facts and circumstances, including progress of tax audits, developments in case law and closing of statutes of limitations.  Within the next twelve months, the Company believes that the resolution of certain federal, foreign and state and local tax examinations are reasonably possible and that a change in estimate may occur. While such a change may be significant, it is not possible to provide a range of the potential change until the examinations progress further or the related statutes of limitation expire. The Company has effectively settled its U.S. federal income tax obligations through 2008, with the exception of transfer pricing issues which are settled through 2011. With limited exception, the Company is no longer subject to state and local or foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2006.
Note 10. Legal and Regulatory Proceedings
MasterCard is a party to legal and regulatory proceedings with respect to a variety of matters in the ordinary course of business.  Some of these proceedings are based on complex claims involving substantial uncertainties and unascertainable damages.  Accordingly, except as discussed below, it is not possible to determine the probability of loss or estimate damages, and therefore, MasterCard has not established reserves for any of these proceedings.  When the Company determines that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, MasterCard records a liability and discloses the amount of the liability if it is material. When a material loss contingency is only reasonably possible, MasterCard does not record a liability, but instead discloses the nature and the amount of the claim, and an estimate of the loss or range of loss, if such an estimate can be made. Unless otherwise stated below with respect to these matters, MasterCard cannot provide an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss based on one or more of the following reasons: (1) actual or potential plaintiffs have not claimed an amount of monetary damages or the amounts are unsupportable or exaggerated, (2) the matters are in early stages, (3) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions, (4) there are significant factual issues to be resolved, (5) the existence in many such proceedings of multiple defendants or potential defendants whose share of any potential financial responsibility has yet to be determined, and/or (6) there are novel legal issues presented. Furthermore, except as identified with respect to the matters below, MasterCard does not believe that the outcome of any individual existing legal or regulatory proceeding to which it is a party will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition or overall business.  However, an adverse judgment or other outcome or settlement with respect to any proceedings discussed below could result in fines or payments by MasterCard and/or could require MasterCard to change its business practices. In addition, an adverse outcome in a regulatory proceeding could lead to the filing of civil damage claims and possibly result in significant damage awards. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on MasterCard’s results of operations, financial condition and overall business.
Interchange Litigation and Regulatory Proceedings
MasterCard’s interchange fees and other practices are subject to regulatory and/or legal review and/or challenges in a number of jurisdictions, including the proceedings described below. When taken as a whole, the resulting decisions, regulations and legislation with respect to interchange fees and acceptance practices may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s prospects for future growth and its overall results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
United States. In June 2005, the first of a series of complaints were filed on behalf of merchants (the majority of the complaints were styled as class actions, although a few complaints were filed on behalf of individual merchant plaintiffs) against MasterCard International, Visa U.S.A., Inc., Visa International Service Association and a number of financial institutions. Taken together, the claims in the complaints were generally brought under both Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act, which prohibit monopolization and attempts or conspiracies to monopolize a particular industry, and some of these complaints contain unfair competition law claims under state law. The complaints allege, among other things, that MasterCard, Visa, and certain financial institutions


15


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


conspired to set the price of interchange fees, enacted point of sale acceptance rules (including the no surcharge rule) in violation of antitrust laws and engaged in unlawful tying and bundling of certain products and services. The cases were consolidated for pre-trial proceedings in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York in MDL No. 1720. The plaintiffs filed a consolidated class action complaint that seeks treble damages.
In July 2006, the group of purported merchant class plaintiffs filed a supplemental complaint alleging that MasterCard’s initial public offering of its Class A Common Stock in May 2006 (the “IPO”) and certain purported agreements entered into between MasterCard and financial institutions in connection with the IPO: (1) violate U.S. antitrust laws and (2) constituted a fraudulent conveyance because the financial institutions allegedly attempted to release, without adequate consideration, MasterCard’s right to assess them for MasterCard’s litigation liabilities. The class plaintiffs sought treble damages and injunctive relief including, but not limited to, an order reversing and unwinding the IPO.
In February 2011, MasterCard and MasterCard International entered into each of: (1) an omnibus judgment sharing and settlement sharing agreement with Visa Inc., Visa U.S.A. Inc. and Visa International Service Association and a number of financial institutions; and (2) a MasterCard settlement and judgment sharing agreement with a number of financial institutions.  The agreements provide for the apportionment of certain costs and liabilities which MasterCard, the Visa parties and the financial institutions may incur, jointly and/or severally, in the event of an adverse judgment or settlement of one or all of the cases in the merchant litigations.  Among a number of scenarios addressed by the agreements, in the event of a global settlement involving the Visa parties, the financial institutions and MasterCard, MasterCard would pay 12% of the monetary portion of the settlement. In the event of a settlement involving only MasterCard and the financial institutions with respect to their issuance of MasterCard cards, MasterCard would pay 36% of the monetary portion of such settlement. 
In October 2012, the parties entered into a definitive settlement agreement with respect to the merchant class litigation (including with respect to the claims related to the IPO) and the defendants separately entered into a settlement agreement with the individual merchant plaintiffs. The settlements included cash payments that were apportioned among the defendants pursuant to the omnibus judgment sharing and settlement sharing agreement described above. MasterCard also agreed to provide class members with a short-term reduction in default credit interchange rates and to modify certain of its business practices, including its No Surcharge Rule. Objections to the settlement were filed by both merchants and certain competitors, including Discover. Discover’s objections include a challenge to the settlement on the grounds that certain of the rule changes agreed to in the settlement constitute a restraint of trade in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act. The court granted final approval of the settlement in December 2013. Objectors to the settlement appealed the decision, and an oral argument was heard on the appeal in September 2015. Separately, the objectors filed a motion in July 2015 to set aside the approval order, contending that the merchant class was inadequately represented and the settlement was insufficient because a counsel for several individual merchant plaintiffs improperly exchanged communications with a defense counsel who at the time was representing MasterCard.
Merchants representing slightly more than 25% of the MasterCard and Visa purchase volume over the relevant period chose to opt out of the class settlement. MasterCard anticipates that most of the larger merchants who opted out of the settlement will initiate separate actions seeking to recover damages, and over 30 opt-out complaints have been filed on behalf of numerous merchants in various jurisdictions. The defendants have consolidated all of these matters (except for one state court action in New Mexico) in front of the same federal district court that is overseeing the approval of the settlement. In July 2014, the district court denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss the opt-out merchant complaints for failure to state a claim.
MasterCard recorded a pre-tax charge of $770 million in the fourth quarter of 2011 and an additional $20 million pre-tax charge in the second quarter of 2012 relating to the settlement agreements described above. In 2012, MasterCard paid $790 million with respect to the settlements, of which $726 million was paid into a qualified cash settlement fund related to the merchant class litigation. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, MasterCard had $542 million and $541 million, respectively, in the qualified cash settlement fund classified as restricted cash on its balance sheet. The class settlement agreement provided for a return to the defendants of a portion of the class cash settlement fund, based upon the percentage of purchase volume represented by the opt-out merchants. This resulted in $164 million from the cash settlement fund being returned to MasterCard in January 2014 and reclassified at that time from restricted cash to cash and cash equivalents. In the fourth quarter of 2013, MasterCard recorded an incremental net pre-tax charge of $95 million related to the opt-out merchants, representing a change in its estimate of probable losses relating to these matters.  MasterCard has executed settlement agreements with a number of opt-out merchants and no adjustment to the amount previously recorded was deemed necessary. As of March 31, 2016, MasterCard had accrued a liability of $710 million as a reserve for both the merchant class litigation and the filed and anticipated opt-out merchant cases.


16


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


The portion of the accrued liability relating to the opt-out merchants does not represent an estimate of a loss, if any, if the opt-out merchant matters were litigated to a final outcome, in which case MasterCard cannot estimate the potential liability. MasterCard’s estimate involves significant judgment and may change depending on progress in settlement negotiations or depending upon decisions in any opt-out merchant cases. In addition, in the event that the merchant class litigation settlement approval is overturned, a negative outcome in the litigation could have a material adverse effect on MasterCard’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
Canada. In December 2010, a proposed class action complaint was commenced against MasterCard in Quebec on behalf of Canadian merchants. That suit essentially repeated the allegations and arguments of a previously filed application by the Canadian Competition Bureau to the Canadian Competition Tribunal (dismissed in MasterCard’s favor) related to certain MasterCard rules related to point-of-sale acceptance, including the “honor all cards” and “no surcharge” rules. The suit sought compensatory and punitive damages in unspecified amounts, as well as injunctive relief. In the first half of 2011, additional purported class action lawsuits containing similar allegations to the Quebec class action were commenced in British Columbia and Ontario against MasterCard, Visa and a number of large Canadian financial institutions. The British Columbia suit seeks compensatory damages in unspecified amounts, and the Ontario suit seeks compensatory damages of $5 billion. The British Columbia and Ontario suits also seek punitive damages in unspecified amounts, as well as injunctive relief, interest and legal costs. The Quebec suit was later amended to include the same defendants and similar claims as in the British Columbia and Ontario suits. With respect to the status of the proceedings: (1) the Quebec suit has been stayed, (2) the Ontario suit is being temporarily suspended while the British Columbia suit proceeds, and (3) the British Columbia appellate court issued an order in August 2015 allowing several of the merchants’ claims to proceed on a class basis. Additional proposed class action complaints have been filed in Saskatchewan and Alberta with claims that largely mirror those in the British Columbia and Ontario suits. If the class action lawsuits are ultimately successful, negative decisions could have a significant adverse impact on the revenue of MasterCard’s Canadian customers and on MasterCard’s overall business in Canada and could result in substantial damage awards.
Europe. In July 2015, the European Commission issued a Statement of Objections related to MasterCard’s interregional interchange fees and central acquiring rules within the European Economic Area. The Statement of Objections, which follows an investigation opened in 2013, includes preliminary conclusions concerning the anticompetitive effects of these practices. The European Commission has indicated it intends to seek fines if these conclusions are subsequently confirmed. Although the Statement of Objections does not quantify the level of fines, it is possible that they could be substantial. MasterCard would not expect fines to be imposed if it agrees with the Commission to business practice changes that address the Commission’s concerns. In April 2016, MasterCard submitted a response to the Statement of Objections disputing the Commission’s preliminary conclusions.
In the United Kingdom, beginning in May 2012, a number of retailers filed claims or threatened litigation against MasterCard seeking damages for alleged anti-competitive conduct with respect to MasterCard’s cross-border interchange fees and its U.K. and Ireland domestic interchange fees (the “UK Merchant claimants”). These retailers seek purported damages in excess of $1 billion. Additional merchants have filed or threatened litigation with respect to interchange rates in Europe (the “Pan-European claimants”) for purported damages exceeding $1 billion.  In June 2015, MasterCard entered into a settlement with one of the UK Merchant claimants for $61 million, recorded as a provision for litigation settlement. MasterCard has submitted statements of defense to the remaining retailers’ claims disputing liability and damages. A trial for liability and damages for one of the U.K. merchant cases commenced in January 2016. The merchant in that action has claimed compensatory damages of approximately $300 million, and is also seeking costs and punitive damages. MasterCard has argued that there is no liability or damage to the merchant. The trial concluded in March 2016, with a decision expected later in the year.  
With respect to all UK Merchant claimants’ litigations, MasterCard believes that it is reasonably possible that it could incur a loss and estimates the lower end of a negotiated settlement could result in a loss of $270 million. MasterCard’s estimate involves significant judgment and may change from time to time due to the varying stages of the UK Merchant claimants’ litigations, progress in settlement negotiations and the potential uncertainty of numerous unresolved legal issues. As such, subsequent progress in negotiations and/or decisions by courts could increase or decrease this estimate. The above estimate relates only to potential settlements, and MasterCard cannot estimate the potential liability, if any, if the UK Merchant claimant litigations are litigated to a final decision. At this time, MasterCard is unable to estimate a probable loss for the matters, if any, and accordingly has not accrued for any loss.


17


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


ATM Non-Discrimination Rule Surcharge Complaints
In October 2011, a trade association of independent Automated Teller Machine (“ATM”) operators and 13 independent ATM operators filed a complaint styled as a class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against both MasterCard and Visa (the “ATM Operators Complaint”).  Plaintiffs seek to represent a class of non-bank operators of ATM terminals that operate ATM terminals in the United States with the discretion to determine the price of the ATM access fee for the terminals they operate. Plaintiffs allege that MasterCard and Visa have violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act by imposing rules that require ATM operators to charge non-discriminatory ATM surcharges for transactions processed over MasterCard’s and Visa’s respective networks that are not greater than the surcharge for transactions over other networks accepted at the same ATM.  Plaintiffs seek both injunctive and monetary relief equal to treble the damages they claim to have sustained as a result of the alleged violations and their costs of suit, including attorneys’ fees.  Plaintiffs have not quantified their damages although they allege that they expect damages to be in the tens of millions of dollars. 
Subsequently, multiple related complaints were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia alleging both federal antitrust and multiple state unfair competition, consumer protection and common law claims against MasterCard and Visa on behalf of putative classes of users of ATM services (the “ATM Consumer Complaints”).  The claims in these actions largely mirror the allegations made in the ATM Operators Complaint, although these complaints seek damages on behalf of consumers of ATM services who pay allegedly inflated ATM fees at both bank and non-bank ATM operators as a result of the defendants’ ATM rules.  Plaintiffs seek both injunctive and monetary relief equal to treble the damages they claim to have sustained as a result of the alleged violations and their costs of suit, including attorneys’ fees.  Plaintiffs have not quantified their damages although they allege that they expect damages to be in the tens of millions of dollars. 
In January 2012, the plaintiffs in the ATM Operators Complaint and the ATM Consumer Complaints filed amended class action complaints that largely mirror their prior complaints. In February 2013, the district court granted MasterCard’s motion to dismiss the complaints for failure to state a claim. On appeal, the Court of Appeals reversed the district court’s order in August 2015 and sent the case back for further proceedings. In March 2016, certain of the plaintiffs in the ATM Operators Complaint filed a motion seeking a preliminary injunction enjoining the enforcement of the nondiscrimination rules pending the outcome of the litigation.
U.S. Liability Shift Litigation
In March 2016, a proposed U.S. merchant class action complaint was filed in federal court in California alleging that EMVCo, MasterCard, Visa, American Express, Discover, China Union Pay and a number of issuing banks engaged in a conspiracy to shift fraud liability for card present transactions from issuing banks to merchants not yet in compliance with the standards for EMV chip cards in the United States (the “EMV Liability Shift”), in violation of the Sherman Act and California law.  Plaintiffs allege the damages would be the value of all chargebacks for which class members became liable as a result of the EMV Liability Shift on October 1, 2015. The plaintiffs seek against the parties treble damages, attorney’s fees and costs and an injunction against future violations of governing law.
Note 11. Settlement and Other Risk Management
MasterCard’s rules guarantee the settlement of many of the MasterCard, Cirrus and Maestro branded transactions between its issuers and acquirers (“settlement risk”). Settlement exposure is the outstanding settlement risk to customers under MasterCard’s rules due to the difference in timing between the payment transaction date and subsequent settlement. While the term and amount of the guarantee are unlimited, the duration of settlement exposure is short term and typically limited to a few days. Gross settlement exposure is estimated using the average daily card volume during the quarter multiplied by the estimated number of days to settle. The Company has global risk management policies and procedures, which include risk standards, to provide a framework for managing the Company’s settlement risk. Customer-reported transaction data and the transaction clearing data underlying the settlement exposure calculation may be revised in subsequent reporting periods.
In the event that MasterCard effects a payment on behalf of a failed customer, MasterCard may seek an assignment of the underlying receivables of the failed customer. Customers may be charged for the amount of any settlement loss incurred during these ordinary course activities of the Company.
The Company’s global risk management policies and procedures are aimed at managing the settlement exposure. These risk management procedures include interaction with the bank regulators of countries in which it operates, requiring customers to make adjustments to settlement processes, and requiring collateral from customers. MasterCard requires certain customers that


18


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


are not in compliance with the Company’s risk standards in effect at the time of review to post collateral, typically in the form of cash, letters of credit, or guarantees. This requirement is based on management’s review of the individual risk circumstances for each customer that is out of compliance. In addition to these amounts, MasterCard holds collateral to cover variability and future growth in customer programs. The Company may also hold collateral to pay merchants in the event of an acquirer failure. Although the Company is not contractually obligated under its rules to effect such payments to merchants, the Company may elect to do so to protect brand integrity. MasterCard monitors its credit risk portfolio on a regular basis and the adequacy of collateral on hand. Additionally, from time to time, the Company reviews its risk management methodology and standards. As such, the amounts of estimated settlement exposure are revised as necessary.
The Company’s estimated settlement exposure from MasterCard, Cirrus and Maestro branded transactions was as follows:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Gross settlement exposure
$
38,208

 
$
39,674

Collateral held for settlement exposure
(3,439
)
 
(3,601
)
Net uncollateralized settlement exposure
$
34,769

 
$
36,073

General economic and political conditions in countries in which MasterCard operates affect the Company’s settlement risk. Many of the Company’s financial institution customers have been directly and adversely impacted by political instability and uncertain economic conditions. These conditions present increased risk that the Company may have to perform under its settlement guarantee. This risk could increase if political, economic and financial market conditions deteriorate further. The Company’s global risk management policies and procedures are revised and enhanced from time to time. Historically, the Company has experienced a low level of losses from financial institution failures.
MasterCard also provides guarantees to customers and certain other counterparties indemnifying them from losses stemming from failures of third parties to perform duties. This includes guarantees of MasterCard-branded travelers cheques issued, but not yet cashed of $419 million and $420 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, of which $331 million and $332 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, is mitigated by collateral arrangements. In addition, the Company enters into business agreements in the ordinary course of business under which the Company agrees to indemnify third parties against damages, losses and expenses incurred in connection with legal and other proceedings arising from relationships or transactions with the Company. Certain indemnifications do not provide a stated maximum exposure. As the extent of the Company’s obligations under these agreements depends entirely upon the occurrence of future events, the Company’s potential future liability under these agreements is not determinable. Historically, payments made by the Company under these types of contractual arrangements have not been material.
Note 12. Foreign Exchange Risk Management
The Company monitors and manages its exposures as part of its overall risk management program which focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on its operating results.  A principal objective of the Company’s risk management strategies is to reduce significant, unanticipated earnings fluctuations that may arise from volatility in foreign currency exchange rates principally through the use of derivative instruments.
Derivatives
The Company enters into foreign currency derivative contracts to manage risk associated with anticipated receipts and disbursements which are valued based on currencies other than its functional currency. The Company may also enter into foreign currency derivative contracts to offset possible changes in value due to foreign exchange fluctuations of earnings, assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the Company’s U.S. dollar reporting currency. The objective of these activities is to reduce the Company’s exposure to gains and losses resulting from fluctuations of foreign currencies against its functional currencies.


19


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (Continued)


As of March 31, 2016, the majority of derivative contracts to hedge foreign currency fluctuations had been entered into with customers of MasterCard. MasterCard’s derivative contracts are summarized below:
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Notional
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
Notional
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Commitments to purchase foreign currency
$
240

 
$
10

 
$
232

 
$
1

Commitments to sell foreign currency
1,343

 
(46
)
 
1,430

 
12

Options to sell foreign currency
34

 

 
44

 
1

Balance sheet location:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable 1
 
 
$
18

 
 
 
$
23

Other current liabilities 1
 
 
(54
)
 
 
 
(9
)
1 The fair values of derivative contracts are presented on a gross basis on the balance sheet and are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, which contain various netting and setoff provisions.
The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income for the contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency is summarized below: 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Foreign currency derivative contracts
 
 
 
General and administrative
$
(44
)
 
$
33

The fair value of the foreign currency derivative contracts generally reflects the estimated amounts that the Company would receive (or pay), on a pre-tax basis, to terminate the contracts. The terms of the foreign currency derivative contracts are generally less than 18 months. The Company had no deferred gains or losses related to foreign exchange contracts in accumulated other comprehensive income as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, as these contracts were not accounted for under hedge accounting.
The Company’s derivative financial instruments are subject to both market and counterparty credit risk. Market risk is the risk of loss due to the potential change in an instrument’s value caused by fluctuations in interest rates and other variables related to currency exchange rates. The effect of a hypothetical 10% adverse change in foreign currency rates could result in a fair value loss of approximately $126 million on the Company’s foreign currency derivative contracts outstanding at March 31, 2016 related to the hedging program. Counterparty credit risk is the risk of loss due to failure of the counterparty to perform its obligations in accordance with contractual terms. To mitigate counterparty credit risk, the Company enters into derivative contracts with selected financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors. Generally, the Company does not obtain collateral related to derivatives because of the high credit ratings of the counterparties.
Net investment hedge
The Company uses foreign currency denominated debt to hedge a portion of its net investment in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates, with changes in the value of the debt recorded within currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company designated its €1.65 billion euro-denominated debt as a net investment hedge for a portion of its net investment in European foreign operations. As of March 31, 2016, the Company had a net foreign currency transaction pre-tax loss of $104 million in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) associated with hedging activity. There was no ineffectiveness in the current period.


20


ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis supplements management's discussion and analysis of MasterCard Incorporated for the year ended December 31, 2015 as contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 2016. It also should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes of MasterCard Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries, including MasterCard International Incorporated (together, “MasterCard” or the “Company”), included elsewhere in this Report. Percentage changes provided throughout “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” were calculated on amounts rounded to the nearest thousand. Currency-neutral growth rates exclude the impacts from both translational and transactional foreign currency. Columns labeled “Foreign Currency” within the tables included within represent the impacts from both translational and transactional foreign currency.
Non-GAAP Financial Information
MasterCard presents growth rates on a currency-neutral basis, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. Currency-neutral growth rates are calculated by remeasuring the prior period’s results using the current period’s exchange rates for both the translational and transactional impacts on our operating results. The impact of foreign currency translation represents the effect of translating operating results where the functional currency is different than our U.S. dollar reporting currency. The impact of the transactional foreign currency represents the effect of converting revenue and expenses occurring in a currency other than the functional currency. MasterCard’s management believes the presentation of certain currency-neutral growth rates provides relevant information. MasterCard’s management uses non-GAAP financial measures to, among other things, evaluate its ongoing operations in relation to historical results, for internal planning and forecasting purposes and in the calculation of performance-based compensation. The presentation of non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the Company’s related financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Overview
MasterCard is a technology company in the global payments industry that connects consumers, financial institutions, merchants, governments and businesses worldwide, enabling them to use electronic forms of payment instead of cash and checks. As the operator of what we believe is the world’s fastest payments network, we facilitate the processing of payment transactions, including authorization, clearing and settlement, and deliver related products and services. We make payments easier and more efficient by creating a wide range of payment solutions and services using our family of well-known brands, including MasterCard, Maestro and Cirrus. We also provide value-added offerings such as loyalty and reward programs, information services and consulting. Our network is designed to ensure safety and security for the global payments system.
A typical transaction on our network involves four participants in addition to us: cardholder (an individual who holds a card or uses another device enabled for payment), merchant, issuer (the cardholder’s financial institution) and acquirer (the merchant’s financial institution). We do not issue cards, extend credit, determine or receive revenue from interest rates or other fees charged to cardholders by issuers, or establish the rates charged by acquirers in connection with merchants’ acceptance of our branded cards. In most cases, cardholder relationships belong to, and are managed by, our financial institution customers.
We generate revenue by charging fees primarily to issuers and acquirers for providing transaction processing and other payment-related products and services, as well as by assessing these customers based primarily on the dollar volume of activity, or gross dollar volume (“GDV”), on the cards and other devices that carry our brands.
Our Strategy
Our ability to grow our business is influenced by personal consumption expenditure growth, driving cash and check transactions toward electronic forms of payment, increasing our share in electronic payments and providing value-added products and services. We drive growth by growing, diversifying and building our business.
Grow. We focus on growing our core businesses globally, including growing our credit, debit, prepaid and commercial products and solutions and increasing the number of payment transactions we process.


21


Diversify. We look to diversify our business by focusing on:
diversifying our customer base in new and existing markets by working with partners such as governments, merchants, large digital companies and other technology companies, mobile providers and other businesses;
encouraging use of our products and solutions in areas that provide new opportunities for electronic payments, such as transit and person-to-person transfers;
driving acceptance at small merchants and merchants who have not historically accepted MasterCard products; and
broadening financial inclusion for the unbanked and underbanked.
Build. We build our business by:
taking advantage of the opportunities presented by evolving ways consumers interact and transact as physical and digital payments converge; and
using our safety and security products and solutions, data analytics and loyalty solutions to add value.
We grow, diversify and build our business through a combination of organic growth and strategic investments, including acquisitions.
Strategic Partners. We work with a variety of stakeholders. We provide financial institutions with solutions to help them increase revenue and increase preference for their MasterCard-branded products. We help merchants by delivering data-driven insights and other services to help them grow and create better and secure purchase experiences for consumers across physical and digital channels. We partner with large digital companies and other technology companies, mobile providers and telecommunication companies to support their digital payment solutions with our technology, expertise and security protocols. We help national and local governments drive increased financial inclusion and efficiency, reduce costs, increase transparency to reduce crime and corruption and advance social programs. For consumers, we provide better, safer and more convenient ways to pay.
Financial Results Overview
For the three months ended March 31, 2016, we recorded net income of $959 million, a decrease of 6%, or 2% on a currency-neutral basis, versus the comparable period in the prior year, and earnings per diluted share of $0.86, down 3%, or up 1% on a currency-neutral basis versus the comparable period in the prior year. Key highlights for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are as follows:
Our net revenue increased 10%, or 14% on a currency-neutral basis versus the comparable period in 2015, primarily driven by increases across our revenue categories, partially offset by higher rebates and incentives. Our processed transactions increased 14%, MasterCard-Branded GDV increased 13% and cross border volumes increased 12%, on a local currency basis, versus the comparable period in 2015.
Operating expenses increased 25%, or 29% on a currency-neutral basis versus the comparable period in 2015, primarily due to the difference between foreign currency gains related to currency hedging and balance sheet remeasurement which occurred in 2015 versus foreign exchange losses on currency hedging in the current year. Additionally, there were higher personnel costs in the current year due to our continued investment in the areas of digital, services and data analytics along with wage increases. The impact from foreign exchange derivative contracts and balance sheet remeasurement had a negative impact of 16 percentage points to operating expense growth versus the comparable period in 2015.
The effective tax rate of 28.3% increased by 4.4 percentage points versus the comparable period in the prior year due to the lapping of a discrete tax benefit relating to foreign tax credits recorded in 2015.
Other financial highlights for three months ended March 31, 2016 were as follows:
We generated net cash flows from operations of $1.0 billion compared to $911 million for the comparable period in 2015.
We repurchased 15.4 million shares and paid dividends of $212 million.


22


The following table provides a summary of our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Percent Increase/(Decrease)
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
(in millions, except per share data and percentages)
Net revenue
$
2,446

 
$
2,230

 
10%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses
$
1,098

 
$
879

 
25%
Operating income
$
1,348

 
$
1,351

 
—%
Operating margin
55.1
%
 
60.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense
$
378

 
$
320

 
18%
Effective income tax rate
28.3
%
 
23.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income
$
959

 
$
1,020

 
(6)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share
$
0.86

 
$
0.89

 
(3)%
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding
1,112

 
1,152

 
(3)%

* Tables may not sum due to rounding.
Business Environment
We process transactions from more than 210 countries and territories and in more than 150 currencies. Net revenue generated in the United States was 39% and 38% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. No individual country, other than the United States, generated more than 10% of total revenue in each period, but differences in market growth, economic health and foreign exchange fluctuations in certain countries can have an impact on the proportion of revenue generated outside the United States over time. While the global nature of our business helps protect our operating results from adverse economic conditions in a single or a few countries, the significant concentration of our revenue generated in the United States makes our business particularly susceptible to adverse economic conditions in the United States.
The competitive and evolving nature of the global payments industry provides both challenges to and opportunities for the continued growth of our business. Adverse economic trends (including distress in financial markets, turmoil in specific economies around the world and additional government intervention) have impacted the environment in which we operate. Certain of our customers, merchants that accept our brands and cardholders who use our brands, have been directly impacted by these adverse economic conditions.
MasterCard’s financial results may be negatively impacted by actions taken by individual financial institutions or by governmental or regulatory bodies. In addition, further political instability or a decline in economic conditions in the countries in which the Company operates may accelerate the timing of or increase the impact of risks to our financial performance. As a result, our revenue may be negatively impacted, or the Company may be impacted in several ways. MasterCard continues to monitor political and economic conditions around the world to identify opportunities for the continued growth of our business and to evaluate the evolution of the global payments industry. The extent and pace of economic recovery in various regions remains uncertain and the overall business environment may present challenges for MasterCard to grow its business. For a full discussion see, “Risk Factors - Business Risks” in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
In addition, our business and our customers’ businesses are subject to regulation in many countries. Regulatory bodies may seek to impose rules and price controls on certain aspects of our business and the payments industry. For further discussion, see Note 10 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 and our risk factors in “Risk Factors - Legal and Regulatory Risks” in Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. Further, information security risks for global payments and technology companies such as MasterCard have significantly increased in recent years. Although to date we have not experienced any material impacts relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, there can be no assurance that we will be immune to these risks and


23


not suffer such losses in the future. See our risk factor in “Risk Factors - Business Risks” in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 related to a failure or breach of our security systems or infrastructure as a result of cyber-attacks.
Impact of Foreign Currency Rates
Our overall operating results can be impacted by foreign currency translation, which represents the effect of translating operating results where the functional currency is different than our U.S. dollar reporting currency. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, our operating results were impacted primarily by the weakening of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar, which devalued against the U.S. dollar by 27%, versus the comparable period in 2015.
Our operating results can also be impacted by transactional foreign currency. The impact of the transactional foreign currency represents the effect of converting revenue and expenses occurring in a currency other than the functional currency. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates directly impact the calculation of gross dollar volume (“GDV”) and gross euro volume (“GEV”), which are used in the calculation of our domestic assessments, cross-border volume fees and volume-related rebates and incentives. In most non-European regions, GDV is calculated based on local currency spending volume converted to U.S. dollars using average exchange rates for the period. In Europe, GEV is calculated based on local currency spending volume converted to euros using average exchange rates for the period. As a result, our domestic assessments, cross-border volume fees and volume-related rebates and incentives are impacted by the strengthening or weakening of the U.S. dollar versus non-European local currencies and the strengthening or weakening of the euro versus other European local currencies. For example, our billing in Australia is in the U.S. dollar, however, consumer spend in Australia is in the Australian dollar. The foreign currency transactional impact of converting Australian dollars to our U.S. dollar billing currency will have an impact on the revenue generated. The strengthening or weakening of the U.S. dollar is evident when GDV growth on a U.S. dollar-converted basis is compared to GDV growth on a local currency basis. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, GDV on a U.S. dollar-converted basis increased 7%, while GDV on a local currency basis grew 13%. Further, the impact from transactional foreign currency occurs in transaction processing revenue, other revenue and operating expenses when the local currency of these items are different than the functional currency.
The following table provides a summary of the foreign currency translational and transactional impact on growth for the following items in operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2016, versus the comparable period in 2015:

 
Positive (Negative) Impact from Foreign Currency
Net Revenue
(4)%
Operating Expenses
4%
Net Income
(4)%
In addition, the Company incurs foreign currency gains and losses from remeasuring monetary assets and liabilities that are in a currency other than the functional currency and from remeasuring foreign exchange derivative contracts (“Foreign Exchange Activity”). Foreign Exchange Activity is recorded in general and administrative expenses. The Company attempts to manage the impact of transactional foreign currency exposures through its foreign exchange risk management activities, which are discussed further in Note 12 (Foreign Exchange Risk Management) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report. Since the Company does not designate foreign currency derivatives as hedging instruments pursuant to the accounting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities, it records gains and losses on foreign exchange derivatives on a current basis, with the associated offset being recognized as the exposures materialize.
Financial Results
Revenue
Revenue Description
MasterCard’s business model involves four participants in addition to us: cardholders, merchants, issuers (the cardholders’ financial institutions) and acquirers (the merchants’ financial institutions). Our gross revenue is generated by assessing our customers based primarily on the dollar volume of activity on the cards and other devices that carry our brands and from the fees that we charge our customers for providing transaction processing and other payment-related products and services. Our revenue is based upon transactional information accumulated by our systems or reported by our customers. Our primary revenue billing currencies are the U.S. dollar, euro and Brazilian real.


24


The price structure for our products and services is complex and is dependent on the nature of volumes, types of transactions and type of products and services we offer to our customers. Our net revenue can be significantly impacted by the following:
domestic or cross-border transactions;
signature-based or PIN-based transactions;
geographic region or country in which the transaction occurs;
volumes/transactions subject to tiered rates;
processed or not processed across the MasterCard network;
amount of usage of our other products or services; and
amount of rebates and incentives provided to customers.
The Company classifies its net revenue into the following five categories:
1.
Domestic assessments: Domestic assessments are fees charged to issuers and acquirers based primarily on the dollar volume of activity on cards and other devices that carry our brands where the merchant country and the issuer country are the same. Domestic assessments include items such as card assessments, which are fees charged on the number of cards issued or assessments for specific purposes, such as acceptance development or market development programs.
2.
Cross-border volume fees: Cross-border volume fees are charged to issuers and acquirers based on the dollar volume of activity on cards and other devices that carry our brands where the merchant country and the issuer country are different. In general, a cross-border transaction generates higher revenue than a domestic transaction since cross-border fees are higher than domestic fees, and in most cases also include fees for currency conversion.
3.
Transaction processing fees: Transaction processing fees are charged for both domestic and cross-border transactions and are primarily based on the number of transactions. Transaction processing fees include charges for the following:
Switching fees for the following products and services:
Ø
Authorization is the process by which a transaction is routed to the issuer for approval. In certain circumstances such as when the issuer’s systems are unavailable or cannot be contacted, MasterCard or others, on behalf of the issuer approve in accordance with either the issuer’s instructions or applicable rules (also known as “stand-in”).
Ø
Clearing is the exchange of financial transaction information between issuers and acquirers after a transaction has been successfully conducted at the point of interaction. MasterCard clears transactions among customers through our central and regional processing systems.
Ø
Settlement is facilitating the exchange of funds between parties.
Connectivity fees are charged to issuers and acquirers for network access, equipment and the transmission of authorization and settlement messages. These fees are based on the size of the data being transmitted through and the number of connections to the Company’s network.
Other Processing fees: We extend our processing capabilities in the payment value chain for issuer and acquirer solutions; payment gateways for e-commerce merchants; and mobile gateways for mobile initiated transactions.
4.
Other revenues: Other revenues consist of other payment-related products and services and are primarily associated with the following:
Consulting, data analytic and research fees are primarily generated by MasterCard Advisors, the Company’s professional advisory services group.


25


Safety and security services fees are for products and services we offer to prevent, detect and respond to fraud and to ensure the safety of transactions made on MasterCard products. We work with issuers, merchants and governments to help deploy standards for safe and secure transactions for the global payments system.
Loyalty and rewards solution fees are charged to issuers for benefits provided directly to consumers with MasterCard-branded cards, such as access to a global airline lounge network, global and local concierge services, individual insurance coverages, emergency card replacement, emergency cash advance services and a 24-hour cardholder service center. For merchants, we provide targeted offers and rewards campaigns and management services for publishing offers, as well as opportunities for holders of co-brand or loyalty cards and rewards program members to obtain rewards points faster.
Program management services provided to prepaid card issuers consist of foreign exchange margin, commissions, load fees and ATM withdrawal fees paid by cardholders on the sale and encashment of prepaid cards.
The Company also charges for a variety of other payment-related products and services, including account and transaction enhancement services, rules compliance and publications.
5.
Rebates and incentives (contra-revenue): Rebates and incentives are provided to certain MasterCard customers and are recorded as contra-revenue.
Revenue Analysis
In the three months ended March 31, 2016, gross revenue increased 12%, or 16% on a currency-neutral basis, versus the comparable period in 2015. Gross revenue growth in the three months ended March 31, 2016 was driven by an increase in dollar volume of activity on cards carrying our brands, transactions, other payment-related products and services and the impact of acquisitions. Rebates and incentives, in the three months ended March 31, 2016, increased 18%, or 22% on a currency-neutral basis, versus the comparable period in 2015, primarily due to the impact from new and renewed agreements and increased volumes. Our net revenue increased 10%, or 14% on a currency-neutral basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, versus the comparable period in 2015.
The following table provides a summary of the trend in volume and transaction growth:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
Growth (USD)
 
Growth (Local)
 
Growth (USD)
 
Growth (Local)
MasterCard-Branded GDV 1
7
 %
 
13
%
 
2
 %
 
12
%
Asia Pacific/Middle East/Africa
6
 %
 
13
%
 
9
 %
 
15
%
Canada
(2
)%
 
9
%
 
2
 %
 
15
%
Europe
11
 %
 
18
%
 
(9
)%
 
15
%
Latin America
(9
)%
 
14
%
 
(3
)%
 
15
%
United States
10
 %
 
10
%
 
7
 %
 
7
%
Cross-border Volume 1
6
 %
 
12
%
 
3
 %
 
19
%
Processed Transactions
 
 
14
%
 
 
 
12
%
1 Excludes volume generated by Maestro and Cirrus cards.
A significant portion of our revenue is concentrated among our five largest customers. The loss of any of these customers or their significant card programs could adversely impact our revenue. In addition, as part of our business strategy, MasterCard, among other efforts, enters into business agreements with customers. These agreements can be terminated in a variety of circumstances. See our risk factor in “Risk Factor - Business Risks” in Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.


26


The significant components of our net revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Percent Increase (Decrease)
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
(in millions, except percentages)
Domestic assessments
$
1,027

 
$
963

 
7%
Cross-border volume fees
796

 
724

 
10%
Transaction processing fees
1,165

 
1,006

 
16%
Other revenues
497

 
418

 
19%
Gross revenue
3,485

 
3,111

 
12%
Rebates and incentives (contra-revenue)
(1,039
)
 
(881
)
 
18%
Net revenue
$
2,446

 
$
2,230

 
10%
The following table provides a summary of the primary drivers of net revenue growth in the three months ended March 31, 2016, versus the comparable period in 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Volume
 
Foreign Currency
 
Acquisitions
Other 1
 
Total
Domestic assessments
13
%
 
(6
)%
 
%
 
%
2 
7
%
Cross-border volume fees
10
%
 
(4
)%
 
%
 
4
%
 
10
%
Transaction processing fees
13
%
 
(2
)%
 
%
 
5
%
 
16
%
Other revenues
**

 
(3
)%
 
5
%
 
17
%
3 
19
%
Rebates and incentives
10
%
 
(4
)%
 
%
 
12
%
4 
18
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net revenue
11
%
 
(4
)%
 
1
%
 
2
%
 
10
%

** Not applicable
1 Includes impact of pricing and other non-volume based fees.
2 Includes impact of the allocation of revenue to service deliverables, which are recorded in other revenue when services are performed.
3 Includes impacts from Advisors, safety and security fees, loyalty and reward solution fees and other payment-related products and services.
4 Includes the impact from timing of new, renewed and expired agreements.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses are comprised of general and administrative, advertising and marketing and depreciation and amortization expenses. Operating expenses increased 25%, or 29% on a currency-neutral basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, versus the comparable period in 2015, primarily due to the difference between foreign currency gains related to currency hedging and balance sheet remeasurement which occurred in 2015 versus foreign exchange losses on currency hedging in the current year. Additionally, there were higher personnel costs in the current year due to our continued investment in the areas of digital, services and data analytics along with wage increases. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, foreign exchange activity had a negative impact of 16 percentage points to operating expense growth versus the comparable period in 2015. The components of operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Percent Increase (Decrease)
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
(in millions, except percentages)
General and administrative
$
868

 
$
650

 
34%
Advertising and marketing      
135

 
142

 
(5)%
Depreciation and amortization 
95

 
87

 
9%
Total operating expenses            
$
1,098

 
$
879

 
25%
** Not meaningful


27


The following table provides a summary of the primary drivers of operating expense growth in the three months ended March 31, 2016, versus the comparable period in 2015:
 
Acquisitions
 
Foreign Currency
 
Other
 
Total
General and administrative
4
%
 
(4
)%
 
34
 %
 
34
 %
Advertising and marketing
%
 
(3
)%
 
(2
)%
 
(5
)%
Depreciation and amortization
10
%
 
(2
)%
 
1
 %
 
9
 %
Total operating expenses
4
%
 
(4
)%
 
25
 %
 
25
 %
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased 34%, or 38% on a currency-neutral basis, versus the comparable period in 2015. The significant components of our general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Percent Increase (Decrease)
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
(in millions, except percentages)
Personnel
$
520

 
$
468

 
11%
Professional fees
64

 
58

 
10%
Data processing and telecommunications
97

 
78

 
24%
Foreign exchange activity
40

 
(88
)
 
**
Other
147

 
134

 
11%
General and administrative expenses
$
868

 
$
650

 
34%
** Not meaningful
The primary drivers of changes in general and administrative expenses for three months ended March 31, 2016 versus the comparable period in 2015 were:
Higher personnel expense was driven by an increase in the number of employees to support our continued investment in the areas of digital, services and data analytics along with wage increases.
Professional fees consist primarily of third-party services, legal costs to defend our outstanding litigation and the evaluation of regulatory developments that impact our industry and brand.
Data processing and telecommunication expense consists of expenses to support our global payments network infrastructure, expenses to operate and maintain our computer systems and other telecommunication systems. These expenses increased due to capacity growth of our business and higher third-party processing costs.
Foreign exchange activity includes gains and losses on foreign exchange derivative contracts and the impact of remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies.  Foreign exchange activity negatively impacted general and administrative expense growth by $128 million, or 22 percentage points. During three months ended March 31, 2016, we incurred $40 million of losses primarily relating to our derivative contracts versus $33 million of gains on similar contracts in the comparable period in 2015. In addition, in the prior year, we recognized balance sheet remeasurement gains of $55 million driven primarily by the devaluation of the Venezuelan bolivar.
Other expenses include costs to provide loyalty and rewards programs, travel and meeting expenses and rental expense for our facilities. Other expenses increased primarily due to increased cardholder benefit costs.


28


Advertising and Marketing
Our brands, principally MasterCard, are valuable strategic assets that drive acceptance and usage of our products and facilitate our ability to successfully introduce new service offerings and access new markets globally. Our advertising and marketing strategy is to increase global MasterCard brand awareness, preference and usage through integrated advertising, sponsorship, promotions, interactive media and public relations programs on a global scale. We will continue to invest in marketing programs at the regional and local levels and sponsor diverse events aimed at multiple target audiences. Advertising and marketing expenses decreased 5%, or 2% on a currency-neutral basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2016, versus the comparable period in 2015, mainly due to the timing of sponsorship promotions.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased 9%, or 10% on a currency-neutral basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 versus the comparable period in 2015, primarily due to higher amortization of capitalized software costs associated with our acquisitions.
Other Income (Expense)
Other income (expense) is comprised primarily of investment income, interest expense, our share of income (losses) from equity method investments and other gains and losses. Total other expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 remained flat versus the comparable period in 2015, primarily due to higher interest expense related to our debt issuance in December 2015, offset by various other items.
Income Taxes
The effective income tax rates were 28.3% and 23.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the effective tax rate was higher than the comparable period in 2015, due to the recognition of a discrete benefit in 2015 relating to certain foreign taxes becoming eligible to be claimed as credits in the United States.
See Note 9 (Income Taxes) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for further discussion of these items.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We need liquidity and access to capital to fund our global operations, credit and settlement exposure, capital expenditures, investments in our business and current and potential obligations. The Company generates the cash required to meet these needs through operations. The following table summarizes the cash, cash equivalents, investments and credit available to the Company at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in billions)
Cash, cash equivalents and investments 1
$
6.2

 
$
6.7

Unused line of credit 2
3.8

 
3.8

1 Investments include available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 this amount excludes restricted cash related to the U.S. merchant class litigation settlement of $542 million and $541 million, respectively.
2 The Company did not use any funds from the line of credit available during the periods presented.
Cash, cash equivalents and investments held by our foreign subsidiaries (i.e., any entities where earnings would be subject to U.S. tax upon repatriation) was $3.5 billion and $3.3 billion at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, or 56% and 48% of our total as of such dates. It is our present intention to indefinitely reinvest historic undistributed accumulated earnings associated with our foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 outside of the United States (as disclosed in Note 17 (Income Tax) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015), and our current plans do not require repatriation of these earnings. If these earnings are needed for U.S. operations or can no longer be indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States, the Company would be required to record a liability for such U.S. taxes for the historic undistributed accumulated earnings at that time. Such taxes would be due upon repatriation of such earnings to the United States.


29


Our liquidity and access to capital could be negatively impacted by global credit market conditions. The Company guarantees the settlement of many MasterCard, Cirrus and Maestro-branded transactions between our issuers and acquirers. See Note 11 (Settlement and Other Risk Management) to the consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for a description of these guarantees. Historically, payments under these guarantees have not been significant; however, historical trends may not be an indication of the future. The risk of loss on these guarantees is specific to individual customers, but may also be driven significantly by regional or global economic conditions, including, but not limited to the health of the financial institutions in a country or region.
Our liquidity and access to capital could also be negatively impacted by the outcome of any of the legal or regulatory proceedings to which we are a party. For additional discussion of these and other risks facing our business, see Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015; Note 10 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report; and “-Business Environment”.
Cash Flow
The table below shows a summary of the cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Cash Flow Data:
 
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
1,008

 
$
911

Net cash used in investing activities
(385
)
 
(519
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(1,545
)
 
(1,100
)
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $97 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, versus the comparable period in 2015, primarily due to higher customer incentive accruals and lower litigation payments in the current year, partially offset by lower net income and timing of payables.
Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $134 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, versus the comparable period in 2015, due to lower net purchases of investment securities as compared to prior year.
Net cash used in financing activities increased by $445 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, versus the comparable period in 2015, due to higher repurchases of the Company’s Class A common stock in the current year and higher dividends.
The table below shows a summary of the balance sheet data at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
Current assets
$
10,606

 
$
10,984

Current liabilities
6,440

 
6,269

Long-term liabilities
3,954

 
3,919

Equity
5,511

 
6,062

The Company believes that its existing cash, cash equivalents and investment securities balances, its cash flow generating capabilities, its borrowing capacity and its access to capital resources are sufficient to satisfy its future operating cash needs, capital asset purchases, outstanding commitments and other liquidity requirements associated with its existing operations and potential obligations.


30


Debt and Credit Availability
In December 2015, the Company issued €1.65 billion aggregate principal amount of notes. This offering consisted of €700 million aggregate principal amount of notes due 2022, €800 million aggregate principal amount of notes due 2027 and €150 million aggregate principal amount of notes due 2030 (collectively the “Euro Notes”). In March 2014, the Company issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of notes due 2019 and $1 billion aggregate principal amount of notes due 2024 (collectively the “USD Notes”). The Company is not subject to any financial covenants under the Euro Notes and the USD Notes (collectively the “Notes”). Interest on the Euro Notes is payable annually on December 1. Interest on the USD Notes is payable semi-annually on April 1 and October 1. The Notes may be redeemed in whole, or in part, at the Company’s option at any time for a specified make-whole amount. The Notes are senior unsecured obligations and would rank equally with any future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness.
In November 2015, the Company established a commercial paper program (the “Commercial Paper Program”). Under the Commercial Paper Program, the Company is authorized to issue up to $3.75 billion in outstanding notes, denominated in U.S. Dollars, with maturities up to 397 days from the date of issuance. In conjunction with the Commercial Paper Program, the Company entered into a committed unsecured $3.75 billion revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) in October 2015, which expires in 2020. The Credit Facility amended and restated the Company’s prior credit facility. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are available in U.S. dollars and/or euros. The facility fee and borrowing cost under the Credit Facility are dependent upon the Company’s credit rating. Currently, the applicable facility fee is 8 basis points on the average daily commitment (whether or not utilized). In addition to the facility fee, interest on borrowings under the Credit Facility would be charged at the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus an applicable margin of 79.5 basis points, or an alternative base rate.
The Credit Facility contains customary representations, warranties, events of default and affirmative and negative covenants, including a financial covenant limiting the maximum level of consolidated debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), which are substantially similar to the prior credit facility. MasterCard was in compliance in all material respects with the covenants of the Credit Facility as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The majority of Credit Facility lenders are customers or affiliates of customers of MasterCard.
Borrowings under the Credit Facility and the Commercial Paper Program are used for general corporate purposes. MasterCard had no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility or the Commercial Paper Program at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
Dividends and Share Repurchases
MasterCard has historically paid quarterly dividends on its outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Subject to legally available funds, we intend to continue to pay a quarterly cash dividend. However, the declaration and payment of future dividends is at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors after taking into account various factors, including our financial condition, operating results, available cash and current and anticipated cash needs.
On December 8, 2015, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.19 per share paid on February 9, 2016 to holders of record on January 8, 2016 of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The aggregate amount of this dividend was $212 million.
On February 2, 2016, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.19 per share payable on May 9, 2016 to holders of record on April 8, 2016 of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The aggregate amount of this dividend will be $209 million.
Aggregate payments for quarterly dividends totaled $212 million and $184 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Shares in the Company's common stock that are repurchased are considered treasury stock. The timing and actual number of additional shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the operating needs of the business, legal requirements, price and economic and market conditions. In December 2015, our Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $4 billion of our Class A common stock.  This program became effective in February 2016. We typically complete a share repurchase program before a new program becomes effective.


31


The following table summarizes the Company's share repurchase authorizations of its Class A common stock through March 31, 2016, as well as historical purchases:
 
Authorization Dates
 
December 2015
 
December 2014
 
Total
 
(in millions, except average price data)
Board authorization
$
4,000

 
$
3,750

 
$
7,750

Remaining authorization at December 31, 2015
$
4,000

 
$
507

 
$
4,507

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2016
$
850

 
$
507

 
$
1,357

Remaining authorization at March 31, 2016
$
3,150

 
$

 
$
3,150

Shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2016
9.7

 
5.7

 
15.4

Average price paid per share during the three months ended March 31, 2016
$
87.38

 
$
89.76

 
$
88.26

See Note 6 (Stockholders’ Equity) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for further discussion.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
MasterCard has no off-balance sheet debt other than lease arrangements and other commitments as presented in the future obligations table in Item 7 (Liquidity and Capital Resources) in Part II of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1.


32


ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk is the potential for economic losses to be incurred on market risk sensitive instruments arising from adverse changes in market factors such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity price risk. Our exposure to market risk from changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and equity price risk is limited. Management establishes and oversees the implementation of policies governing our funding, investments and use of derivative financial instruments. We monitor risk exposures on an ongoing basis. The effect of a hypothetical 10% adverse change in foreign currency rates could result in a fair value loss of approximately $126 million on our foreign currency derivative contracts outstanding at March 31, 2016 related to the hedging program. A 100 basis point adverse change in interest rates would not have a material impact on the Company’s investments at March 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015. Our euro-denominated debt is vulnerable to changes in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rates.  We use the euro-denominated debt to hedge a portion of our net investment in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates, with changes in the translated value of the debt recorded within currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). In addition to euro-denominated debt, we have U.S. dollar-denominated debt, both of which carry a fixed interest rate and thus the fair value of our debt is subject to interest rate risk.  There was no material equity price risk at March 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) are designed to ensure that information that is required to be disclosed in the reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission and to ensure that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. The President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, with assistance from other members of management, have reviewed the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report and, based on their evaluation, have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in MasterCard’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2016 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, MasterCard's internal control over financial reporting.
Other Financial Information
With respect to the unaudited consolidated financial information of MasterCard Incorporated and its subsidiaries as of March 31, 2016 and for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP reported that they have applied limited procedures in accordance with professional standards for a review of such information. However, their report dated April 28, 2016 appearing below, states that they did not audit and they do not express an opinion on that unaudited financial information. Accordingly, the degree of reliance on their report on such information should be restricted in light of the limited nature of the review procedures applied. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is not subject to the liability provisions of Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Act”) for their report on the unaudited consolidated financial information because that report is not a “report” or a “part” of a registration statement prepared or certified by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of the Act.



33


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
of MasterCard Incorporated:
We have reviewed the consolidated balance sheet of MasterCard Incorporated and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated statement of changes in equity for the three-month period ended March 31, 2016, and the consolidated statement of cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 included within Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management.
We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, of changes in equity, and of cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 12, 2016, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2015, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
New York, New York
April 28, 2016




34


PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Refer to Note 10 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
For a discussion of the Company’s risk factors, see Item 1A (Risk Factors) in Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
During the first quarter of 2016, MasterCard repurchased a total of approximately 15.4 million shares for $1.4 billion at an average price of $88.26 per share of Class A common stock. See Note 6 (Stockholders’ Equity) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for further discussion with respect to the Company’s share repurchase programs. The Company’s repurchase activity during the first quarter of 2016 is summarized in the following table:
Period
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
 
Average Price
Paid per Share
(including
commission cost)
 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans or
Programs
 
Dollar Value of
Shares that may yet
be Purchased under
the Plans or
Programs 1
January 1 - 31
 
4,405,982

 
$
90.75

 
4,405,982

 
$
4,106,703,645

February 1 - 29
 
5,621,009

 
$
85.22

 
5,621,009

 
$
3,627,673,500

March 1 - 31
 
5,340,163

 
$
89.40

 
5,340,163

 
$
3,150,286,592

Total
 
15,367,154

 
$
88.26

 
15,367,154

 
 
1 Dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the repurchase programs is as of the end of the period.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, we hereby incorporate by reference herein the disclosure contained in Exhibit 99.1 of this Report.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Refer to the Exhibit Index included herein.


35


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
 
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
Date:
April 28, 2016
By:
 
/S/ AJAY BANGA
 
 
 
 
Ajay Banga
 
 
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
Date:
April 28, 2016
By:
 
/S/ MARTINA HUND-MEJEAN
 
 
 
 
Martina Hund-Mejean
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
 
 
Date:
April 28, 2016
By:
 
/S/ ANDREA FORSTER
 
 
 
 
Andrea Forster
 
 
 
 
Corporate Controller
 
 
 
 
(Principal Accounting Officer)



36


EXHIBIT INDEX
 
 
 
Exhibit
Number
 
Exhibit Description
 
 
10.1+*
 
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for awards under MasterCard Incorporated 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan (effective for awards granted on and subsequent to March 1, 2016).
 
 
 
10.2+*
 
Form of Stock Option Agreement for awards under MasterCard Incorporated 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan (effective for awards granted on and subsequent to March 1, 2016).
 
 
 
10.3+*
 
Form of Performance Unit Agreement for awards under MasterCard Incorporated 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan (effective for awards granted on and subsequent to March 1, 2016).
 
 
 
12.1*
 
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
 
 
 
15*
 
Awareness Letter from the Company’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 
 
31.1*
 
Certification of Ajay Banga, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
31.2*
 
Certification of Martina Hund-Mejean, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
32.1*
 
Certification of Ajay Banga, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
32.2*
 
Certification of Martina Hund-Mejean, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
 
99.1*
 
Disclosure pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012.
 
 
101.INS*
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
101.SCH*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
101.CAL*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.DEF*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
101.LAB*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
101.PRE*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

+
Management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.
*
Filed or furnished herewith.
The agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to this report are not intended to provide factual information or other disclosure other than with respect to the terms of the agreements or other documents themselves, and should not be relied upon for that purpose. In particular, any representations and warranties made by the Company in these agreements or other documents were made solely within the specific context of the relevant agreement or document and may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.



37



Exhibit 10.1

FORM OF
RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AGREEMENT
20__ GRANT


THIS AGREEMENT, dated as of March 1, 20__, (“Grant Date”) is between MasterCard Incorporated, a Delaware Corporation (“Company”), and you (the “Employee”). Capitalized terms that are used but not defined in this Agreement have the meanings given to them in the 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan (“Plan”).
WHEREAS, the Company has established the Plan, the terms of which Plan, but not the standard terms and conditions of Section 9.4 of such Plan, are made a part hereof;
WHEREAS, the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company (“Committee”) has approved this grant under the terms of the Plan;
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1.    Grant of Units.
Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and of the Plan, the Company hereby grants to the Employee the number of Units reflected in the Employee’s grant statement, the terms of which statement are incorporated as a part of this Agreement. The Units comprising this award will be recorded in an unfunded Units account in the Employee’s name maintained on the books of the Company (“Account”). Each Unit represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s $0.0001 par value Class A Common Stock (“Common Shares”) under the terms and conditions set forth below.
2.    Vesting Schedule.
(a)    Subject to (b) and (c) below, the interest of the Employee in the Units shall vest on February __, 20__, conditioned upon the Employee’s continued employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer as of February __, 20__.
(b)    In the event that the Employee’s employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer terminates by reason of the Employee’s death following the Grant Date, 100 percent of the Employee’s then unvested Units shall vest and be payable, as set forth in section 6(b). In the event of the Employee’s Termination of Employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer due to Disability or Retirement six months or longer after the Grant Date, unvested Units shall continue to vest as if there had been no Termination of Employment and shall be paid as set forth in section 6(a). In the event of the Employee’s Termination of Employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer for any other reason, unvested Units shall be forfeited.
(c)    In the event of the Employee’s Termination of Employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer, or successor thereto (within the meaning of Code section 409A), without Cause or by the Employee with Good Reason, six months preceding or two years following a Change in Control, 100 percent of the Employee’s then unvested Units shall vest upon the later of the Employee’s termination date or the Change in Control and be payable in accordance with section 6(c).




3.    Transfer Restrictions.
The Units granted hereunder may not be sold, assigned, margined, transferred, encumbered, conveyed, gifted, hypothecated, pledged, or otherwise disposed of and may not be subject to lien, garnishment, attachment or other legal process, except as expressly permitted by the Plan.
4.    Stockholder Rights.
Prior to the time that the Employee’s Units vest and the Company has issued Common Shares relating to such Units, the Employee will not be deemed to be the holder of, or have any of the rights of a holder with respect to, any Common Shares deliverable with respect to such Units. Specifically, and without limiting the foregoing, the Employee shall not be entitled to dividends or dividend equivalents prior to being issued Common Shares.
5.    Changes in Stock.
In the event of any change in the number and kind of outstanding stock by reason of any recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, stock split or any similar change affecting the Common Shares (other than a dividend payable in Common Shares) the Company shall make an appropriate adjustment in the number and terms of the Units credited to the Employee’s Account as provided in the Plan. The adjustment provided under this Section 5 will be nondiscretionary and final and binding on all interested parties, including the affected Employee and the Company; provided that the Committee will determine whether an adjustment is appropriate.
6.    Form and Timing of Payment.
(a)    The Company shall pay within 60 days following the February __, 20__ vesting date set forth in section 2(a) above, a number of Common Shares equal to the aggregate number of vested Units credited to the Employee as of vesting.
(b)    In the event of vesting under section 2(b) above due to an Employee’s death, payment shall be made within 90 days following death.
(c)    In the event of vesting under section 2(c) above due to Termination of Employment in connection with a Change in Control, payment shall be made as follows: (i) in the event of Termination of Employment prior to the Change in Control, within 90 days following the Change in Control; or (ii) in the event of Termination of Employment after the Change in Control, on the first business day which is at least six months following the Termination of Employment or at such later date permitted under Code section 409A.
(d)    Notwithstanding section 6(a) above, the Company may, in its sole discretion, settle the Units in the form of a cash payment to the extent settlement in Common Shares is prohibited under local law, or would require the Employee, the Company and/or the Employer to obtain the approval of any governmental and/or regulatory body in the Employee’s country of residence (or country of employment, if different). Alternatively, the Company may, in its sole discretion, settle the Units in the form of Common Shares but require the Employee to immediately sell such Common Shares (in which case, this Agreement shall give the Company the authority to issue sales instructions on behalf of the Employee).




7.    Compliance with Law.
No Common Shares (or cash pursuant to section 6(d) above) will be delivered to the Employee in accordance with section 6 above unless counsel for the Company is satisfied that such delivery will be in compliance with all applicable laws, including, without limitation, any rule, regulation or procedure of the U.S. national securities exchange upon which the Company’s Common Shares are traded or any listing agreement with any such securities exchange, or any other requirement of law or of any administrative or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company or an Affiliated Employer.
8.    Death of Employee.
In the event of the Employee’s death, where the death results in vesting and payment of Units under section 2(b) above, payment shall be made to the Employee’s estate or beneficiary.
9.    Taxes.
The Employee shall be liable for any and all taxes, including income tax (including U.S. federal, state and local taxes and/or non-U.S. taxes), social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related withholding (“Tax-Related Items”), arising out of this grant or the issuance of the Common Shares on vesting of Units hereunder or any other taxable event in connection with the Units.
Prior to any such taxable event, the Employee (or the Employee’s estate) shall pay or make adequate arrangements satisfactory to the Company or, if different, the Employee’s employer (the “Employer”) to meet the Company’s or the Employer’s withholding obligations for Tax-Related Items. In this regard, the Company is authorized to deduct from the total number of Common Shares the Employee is to receive on settlement of the Units a number of Common Shares with a total value equal to the amount necessary to satisfy any such withholding obligation at the minimum applicable withholding rate or, to the extent permitted by applicable accounting principles, up to the maximum applicable withholding rate. If the obligation for Tax-Related Items is satisfied by withholding in Common Shares, for tax purposes, the Employee is deemed to have been issued the full number of Common Shares subject to the vested Units, notwithstanding that a number of the Common Shares are held back solely for the purpose of paying the Tax-Related Items.
Alternatively, provided the Employee is not subject to Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 16b-3, the Company may sell or arrange for the sale of a sufficient number of Common Shares issued to the Employee upon settlement of the Units to meet the Tax-Related Items withholding obligation, in which case, the Company may withhold or account for Tax-Related Items by considering maximum applicable rates and the Employee will receive a refund of any over-withheld amount in cash and will have no entitlement to the Common Share equivalent.
The Employee agrees to pay to the Company or the Employer, including through withholding from the Employee’s wages or other cash compensation paid to the Employee by the Company and/or the Employer, any amount of Tax-Related Items that the Company or the Employer may be required to withhold or account for as a result of the Employee’s participation in the Plan that cannot be satisfied by the means previously described including, without limitation, any Federal Insurance Contributions Act taxes required to be withheld before settlement of the Units.




Finally, the Employee acknowledges that the ultimate liability for all Tax-Related Items legally due by the Employee is and remains the Employee’s responsibility, regardless of any withholding by the Company or the Employer, and that the Company and the Employer: (a) make no representations or undertakings regarding the treatment of any Tax-Related Items in connection with any aspect of the Units, including the grant of the Units, the vesting of the Units, the settlement of the Units, the subsequent sale of any Common Shares acquired pursuant to the Units, or the receipt of any dividends; and (b) do not commit to structure the terms of the grant or any aspect of the Units to reduce or eliminate the Employee’s liability for Tax-Related Items. The Company may refuse to issue or deliver the Common Shares, or the proceeds of the sale of Common Shares, if the Employee fails to comply with the Employee’s obligations in connection with the Tax-Related Items.
10.    Discretionary Nature of Plan.
The Employee acknowledges and agrees that the Plan is discretionary in nature and may be amended, cancelled, or terminated by the Company, in its sole discretion, at any time. The grant of Units under the Plan is a one-time benefit and does not create any contractual or other right to receive a grant of Units, other types of grants under the Plan, or benefits in lieu of such grants in the future. Future grants, if any, will be at the sole discretion of the Company, including, but not limited to, the timing of any grant, the number of Units granted and vesting provisions.
11.    Consent to On-Line Grant and Acceptance.
The Employee acknowledges and agrees that, as a term of this grant of Units, any grant, communication, or acceptance of such grant, if applicable, is permitted to be made and processed through the online system operated and maintained for this purpose. The Employee further acknowledges and agrees that execution of any documents through such system shall have the same force and effect as if executed in writing.
12.    Section 409A.
To the extent the Company determines that this Agreement is subject to Code section 409A, but does not conform with the requirements of Code section 409A the Company may at its sole discretion amend or replace the Agreement to cause the Agreement to comply with Code section 409A. The Agreement shall be construed and administered consistent with Code section 409A or an exemption from Code section 409A. The Company makes no representation that the Agreement is exempt from or complies with Code section 409A and makes no undertaking to preclude Code section 409A from applying to the Agreement. The Company will have no liability to the Employee or to any other party if the Agreement that is intended to be exempt from or compliant with Section 409A is not so exempt or compliant or for any action taken by the Company with respect thereto.
13.    Recoupment.
As an additional condition of receiving the Units, the Employee agrees that the Units and any benefits the Employee may receive hereunder shall be subject to forfeiture and/or repayment to the Company to the extent required under the terms of any recoupment or “clawback” policy adopted by the Company or to comply with any recoupment requirement imposed under applicable laws, rules, regulations or stock exchange listing standards, including, without limitation, pursuant to Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of




2010. A recovery under this Section 13 can be made by withholding compensation otherwise due to the Employee.
14.    Miscellaneous.
(a)    All amounts credited to the Employee’s Account under this Agreement shall continue for all purposes to be a part of the general assets of the Company. The Employee’s interest in the Account shall make the Employee only a general, unsecured creditor of the Company.
(b)    The parties agree to execute such further instruments and to take such action as may reasonably be necessary to carry out the intent of this Agreement.
(c)    Any notice required or permitted hereunder that is not covered by section 11 above, shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon delivery to the Employee at the address then on file with the Company or upon delivery to the Company at 2000 Purchase Street, Purchase, New York 10577, Attn: Group Head, Global Rewards.
(d)    Neither the Plan nor this Agreement nor any provisions under either shall be construed so as to grant the Employee any right to remain in the employ of the Company or an Affiliated Employer. Neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere with the rights of the Company or an Affiliated Employer, as applicable, to terminate the employment of the Employee and/or take any personnel action affecting the Employee without regard to the effect which such action may have upon the Employee as a recipient or prospective recipient of any benefits under the Plan or this Agreement.

The value of the Units granted hereunder is an extraordinary item of compensation outside the scope of the Employee’s terms and conditions of employment and/or employment contract, if any. As such, the Units granted hereunder are not part of normal or expected compensation for purposes of calculating any severance, resignation, redundancy, end of service payments, bonuses, long-service awards, pension, or retirement benefits or similar payments.
(e)    The Company reserves the right to impose other requirements on the Units, any Common Shares acquired or payment made pursuant to the Units, and the Employee’s participation in the Plan, to the extent the Company determines, in its sole discretion, that such other requirements are necessary or advisable. Such requirements may include (but are not limited to) requiring the Employee to sign any agreements or undertakings that may be necessary to accomplish the foregoing.
(f)    Notwithstanding any provisions in this Agreement, the Units will be subject to any country-specific terms set forth in an addendum to this Agreement for Participants who work or reside in a country outside the United States (“Addendum”). Moreover, if the Employee relocates to one of the countries included in the Addendum, the terms for such country will apply to him or her, to the extent the Company determines that the application of such terms is necessary or advisable. The Addendum constitutes part of this Agreement.
(g)    The provisions of this Agreement are severable and if any one or more provisions are determined to be illegal or otherwise unenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions shall nevertheless be binding and enforceable. Further, upon a determination that any term or other provision of this Agreement is illegal or otherwise incapable of being enforced, such term or other provision shall be deemed replaced by a term or provision that is valid




and enforceable and that comes closest to expressing the intention of the illegal or unenforceable term or provision.
(h)    This Agreement, along with the incorporated grant statement, an executed MasterCard LTIP Non-Competition Agreement, and any special provisions for the Employee’s country of residence or employment, as set forth in the applicable Addendum, constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof.

By: ___________________________
Name:
Title:




        


Exhibit 10.2

FORM OF
STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
20__ GRANT


THIS AGREEMENT, dated as of March 1, 20__, (“Grant Date”) is between MasterCard Incorporated, a Delaware Corporation (“Company”), and you (the “Employee”). Capitalized terms that are used but not defined in this Agreement have the meanings given to them in the 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan (“Plan”).
WHEREAS, the Company has established the Plan, the terms of which Plan, but not the standard terms and conditions of Section 6.4 of such Plan, are made a part hereof;
WHEREAS, the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company (“Committee”) has approved this grant under the terms of the Plan;
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1.    Grant of Stock Options.
Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and of the Plan, the Company hereby grants to the Employee a nonqualified stock option (“Stock Option”) to purchase from time to time all or any part of the number of common shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (“Common Shares”) reflected in the Employee’s grant statement, the terms of which grant statement are incorporated as part of this Agreement, at a price per share equal to 100 percent of the Fair Market Value of the Common Shares (the closing price) on the Grant Date.
2.    Exercise.
This Stock Option is exercisable from the date and to the extent that the Employee’s interest in the Stock Option is vested, but in no event earlier than six months after the Grant Date (other than in the case of the Employee’s death, as set forth in Section 3(b) below), until the date the term of the Stock Option expires under Section 4 below. The Employee’s interest in the Stock Option may be exercised only by delivering notice of exercise, in the form prescribed by the Company, to the Company or its designated agent, and paying the full exercise price for the shares and the full amount of any taxes required to be withheld. Unless otherwise set forth in an addendum to this Agreement for Participants who work or reside in or relocate to a country outside the United States (“Addendum”), the exercise price may be paid by delivery of cash or a certified check, delivery of Common Shares already owned by the Employee, or by delivery of cash by a broker-dealer as a “cashless” exercise. Special rules will apply to the payment of the exercise price by Participants who are subject to Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 16b-3. Common Shares issued on exercise of the Stock Option shall be unrestricted Common Shares.



3.    Vesting.
(a)    Subject to (b) and (c) below, the interest of the Employee in the Stock Option shall vest 25 percent on each of the first, second, third, and fourth anniversaries of the Grant Date, conditioned upon the Employee's continued employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer as of each vesting date.
(b)    In the event that the Employee's employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer terminates by reason of the Employee's death after the grant, 100 percent of the Employee's interest in the Stock Option shall vest. In the event of the Employee's Termination of Employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer due to Disability or Retirement six months or longer after the Grant Date, the Employee's interest in the Stock Option shall continue to vest as if there was no Termination of Employment. In the event of the Employee's Termination of Employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer for any other reason, the Employee's unvested interest in the Stock Option shall be forfeited.
(c)    In the event of the Employee's Termination of Employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer, or successor thereto, without Cause or by the Employee with Good Reason, six months preceding or two years following a Change in Control, 100 percent of the Employee's then unvested interest in the Stock Option shall vest upon the later of the Employee's termination date or the Change in Control.
4.    Term and Termination.
The Stock Option shall expire on the earlier of (i) the tenth anniversary of the Grant Date, or (ii) in the case of a Stock Option that has vested at the time of an Employee’s Termination of Employment other than by death, Disability, or Retirement, 120 days from the date of the Employee’s Termination of Employment. In the event an Employee’s Termination of Employment is due to death, Disability, Retirement, or is in connection with a Change in Control under the circumstances specified in Section 3(c) above, the Stock Option shall expire on the tenth anniversary of the Grant Date. Expiration on a date shall occur as of the closing time of regular trading on the market on which the Company’s Common Shares are traded on that date or, if that date is not a date on which such market is open for trading, as of the closing time of regular trading on the market on which the Company’s Common Shares are traded on the immediately preceding trading date. The Employee is solely responsible for any election to exercise the Stock Option, and the Company has no obligation to provide notice to the Employee of any matter, including, but not limited to, the date the Stock Option terminates. Neither the Company nor any Affiliated Employer has any liability in the event of the Employee’s failure to timely exercise any vested Stock Option prior to its expiration.

5.    Transfer Restrictions.
Other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, the Stock Option may not be sold, assigned, margined, transferred, encumbered, conveyed, gifted, hypothecated, pledged, or otherwise disposed of and may not be subject to lien, garnishment, attachment or other legal process, except as expressly permitted by the Plan. During the Employee’s lifetime, the Stock Option is exercisable only by the Employee.



6.    Stockholder Rights.
Prior to the time that the Company has issued Common Shares on an Employee’s exercise of the Employee’s interest in his or her Stock Option, the Employee will not be deemed to be the holder of, or have any of the rights of a holder with respect to, any Common Shares deliverable with respect to such Stock Option.
7.    Changes in Stock.
In the event of any change in the number and kind of outstanding shares of stock by reason of any recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, stock split or any similar change affecting the value of the Common Shares (other than a dividend payable in Common Shares) the Company shall make an appropriate adjustment in the terms of the Stock Option, which adjustments shall be made in a manner so as to ensure continued exemption from or compliance with Code section 409A. The adjustment provided under this Section 7 will be nondiscretionary and final and binding on all interested parties, including the affected Employee and the Company; provided that the Committee will determine whether an adjustment is appropriate.

8.    Compliance with Law.
No Common Shares will be delivered to the Employee upon the Employee’s exercise of his or her interest in the Stock Option unless counsel for the Company is satisfied that such delivery will be in compliance with all applicable laws, including, without limitation, any rule, regulation or procedure of the U.S. national securities exchange upon which the Company’s Common Shares are traded or any listing agreement with any such securities exchange, or any other requirement of law or of any administrative or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company or an Affiliated Employer.
9.    Death of Employee.
In the event of the Employee’s death, the Stock Option shall be exercisable by the executor or administrator of the Employee’s estate or the person to whom the Stock Option has passed by will or the laws of descent and distribution in accordance with Section 5 of this Agreement.
10.    Taxes.
The Employee shall be liable for any and all taxes, including income tax (including U.S. federal, state and local taxes and/or non-U.S. taxes), social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related items (“Tax-Related Items”), arising out of the transfer of Common Shares on exercise of the Stock Option or any other taxable event in connection with the Stock Option.
Prior to any such taxable event, the Employee (or the Employee’s estate) shall pay or make adequate arrangements satisfactory to the Company or, if different, the Employee’s employer (the “Employer”) to meet the Company’s or the Employer’s withholding obligations for Tax-Related Items. In this regard, the Employee may satisfy such Tax-Related Items obligations by delivery of cash or a certified check or delivery of cash by a broker-dealer as part of a “cashless” exercise. The Company is also authorized to deduct from the total number of Common Shares the Employee is to receive on exercise of the Stock Option, a number of Common Shares with a total value equal to the amount necessary to satisfy any such withholding obligation at the minimum applicable



withholding rate or, to the extent permitted by applicable accounting principles, up to the maximum applicable withholding rate. If the Tax-Related Items withholding is satisfied by withholding in Common Shares, for tax purposes, the Employee is deemed to have been issued the full number of Common Shares subject to the exercised Stock Option, notwithstanding that a number of the Common Shares are held back solely for the purpose of paying the Tax-Related Items.
Alternatively, provided the Employee is not subject to Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 16b-3, the Company may sell or arrange for the sale of a sufficient number of Common Shares issued to the Employee upon exercise of the Stock Option to meet the Tax-Related Items withholding obligation, in which case, the Company may withhold or account for Tax-Related Items by considering maximum applicable rates and the Employee will receive a refund of any over-withheld amount in cash and will have no entitlement to the Common Share equivalent.
The Employee agrees to pay to the Company or the Employer, including through withholding from the Employee’s wages or other cash compensation paid to the Employee by the Company and/or the Employer, any amount of Tax-Related Items that the Company or the Employer may be required to withhold or account for as a result of the Employee’s participation in the Plan that cannot be satisfied by the means previously described.
Finally, the Employee acknowledges that the ultimate liability for all Tax-Related Items legally due by the Employee is and remains the Employee’s responsibility, regardless of any withholding by the Company or the Employer, and that the Company and the Employer: (a) make no representations or undertakings regarding the treatment of any Tax-Related Items in connection with any aspect of the Stock Option, including the grant of the Stock Option, the vesting of the Stock Option, the exercise of the Stock Option, the subsequent sale of any Common Shares acquired pursuant to the Stock Option, or the receipt of any dividends; and (b) do not commit to structure the terms of the grant or any aspect of the Stock Option to reduce or eliminate the Employee’s liability for Tax-Related Items. The Company may refuse to issue or deliver the Common Shares, or the proceeds of the sale of Common Shares, if the Employee fails to comply with the Employee’s obligations in connection with the Tax-Related Items.
11.    Discretionary Nature of Plan.
The Employee acknowledges and agrees that the Plan is discretionary in nature and may be amended, cancelled, or terminated by the Company, in its sole discretion, at any time. The grant of a Stock Option under the Plan is a one-time benefit and does not create any contractual or other right to receive a grant of a Stock Option, other awards under the Plan, or benefits in lieu of such awards in the future. Future grants, if any, will be at the sole discretion of the Company, including, but not limited to, the timing of any grant, the number of Stock Options granted, the payment of dividend equivalents, and vesting provisions.
12.    Section 409A.
To the extent the Company determines that this Agreement is subject to Code section 409A, but does not conform with the requirements of Code section 409A the Company may at its sole discretion amend or replace the Agreement to cause the Agreement to be exempt from or comply with Code section 409A. The Agreement shall be construed and administered consistent with Code section 409A or an exemption from Code section 409A. The Company makes no representation that the Agreement is exempt from or complies with Code section 409A and makes no undertaking



to preclude Code section 409A from applying to the Agreement. The Company will have no liability to the Employee or to any other party if the Agreement that is intended to be exempt from or compliant with Section 409A is not so exempt or compliant or for any action taken by the Company with respect thereto.
13.    Consent to On-Line Grant and Acceptance.
The Employee acknowledges and agrees that, as a term of this Stock Option grant, any grant, communication, acceptance of such grant, or exercise of such grant, is permitted to be made and processed through the on-line system operated and maintained for this purpose. The Employee further acknowledges and agrees that execution of any documents through such system shall have the same force and effect as if executed in writing.



14.    Recoupment.
As an additional condition of receiving the Stock Option, the Employee agrees that the Stock Option and any benefits the Employee may receive hereunder shall be subject to forfeiture and/or repayment to the Company to the extent required under the terms of any recoupment or “clawback” policy adopted by the Company or to comply with any recoupment requirement imposed under applicable laws, rules, regulations or stock exchange listing standards, including, without limitation, pursuant to Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010. A recovery under this Section 14 can be made by withholding compensation otherwise due to the Employee.
15.    Miscellaneous.
(a)    The parties agree to execute such further instruments and to take such action as may reasonably be necessary to carry out the intent of this Agreement.
(b)    Any notice required or permitted hereunder that is not covered by Section 13 above shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon delivery to the Employee at the address then on file with the Company or upon delivery to the Company at 2000 Purchase Street, Purchase, New York 10577, Attn: Group Head, Global Rewards.
(c)    Neither the Plan nor this Agreement nor any provisions under either shall be construed so as to grant the Employee any right to remain in the employ of the Company or an Affiliated Employer. Neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere with the rights of the Company or an Affiliated Employer, as applicable, to terminate the employment of the Employee and/or take any personnel action affecting the Employee without regard to the effect which such action may have upon the Employee as a recipient or prospective recipient of any benefits under the Plan or this Agreement.

The value of the Stock Option granted hereunder is an extraordinary item of compensation outside the scope of the Employee’s terms and conditions of employment and/or employment contract, if any. As such, the Stock Options granted hereunder are not part of normal or expected compensation for purposes of calculating any severance, resignation, redundancy, end of service payments, bonuses, long-service awards, pension, or retirement benefits or similar payments.
(d)    The Company reserves the right to impose other requirements on the Stock Option, any Common Shares acquired or payment made pursuant to the Stock Option, and the Employee’s participation in the Plan, to the extent the Company determines, in its sole discretion, that such other requirements are necessary or advisable. Such requirements may include (but are not limited to) requiring the Employee to sign any agreements or undertakings that may be necessary to accomplish the foregoing.
(e)    Notwithstanding any provisions in this Agreement, the Stock Option will be subject to any country-specific terms set forth in the Addendum for the Employee's country of residence or employment. Moreover, if the Employee relocates to one of the countries included in the Addendum, the terms for such country will apply to the Employee, to the extent the Company determines that the application of such terms is necessary or advisable. The Addendum constitutes part of this Agreement.



(f)    The provisions of this Agreement are severable and if any one or more provisions are determined to be illegal or otherwise unenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions shall nevertheless be binding and enforceable. Further, upon a determination that any term or other provision of this Agreement is illegal or otherwise incapable of being enforced, such term or other provision shall be deemed replaced by a term or provision that is valid and enforceable and that comes closest to expressing the intention of the illegal or unenforceable term or provision.
(g)    This Agreement, along with the incorporated grant statement, an executed MasterCard LTIP Non-Competition Agreement, and any special provisions for the Employee’s country of residence or employment, as set forth in the applicable Addendum, constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof.
By: _________________________
Name:
Title:





Exhibit 10.3

FORM OF
PERFORMANCE UNIT AGREEMENT
20__ GRANT


THIS AGREEMENT, dated as of March 1, 20__, (“Grant Date”) is between MasterCard Incorporated, a Delaware Corporation (“Company”), and you (the “Employee”). Capitalized terms that are used but not defined in this Agreement have the meanings given to them in the 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan (“Plan”).
WHEREAS, the Company has established the Plan, the terms of which Plan, are made a part hereof;
WHEREAS, the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company (“Committee”) has approved this grant under the terms of the Plan;
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1.    Grant of Units.
Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and of the Plan, the Company hereby grants to the Employee the number of Units reflected in the Employee’s grant statement, the terms of which statement are incorporated as a part of this Agreement. Each Unit represents the right to receive an amount of the Company’s $0.0001 par value Class A Common Stock (“Common Stock”) that varies depending on the level of performance achieved on specified performance criteria during the performance period January 1, 20__, through December 31, 20__.
2.    Vesting Schedule.
(a)    Subject to (b) and (c) below, the interest of the Employee in the Units shall vest on February __, 20__, conditioned upon the Employee’s continued employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer as of February __, 20__, and the achievement of the performance goals established by the Committee and set forth in the Employee’s grant statement. Vesting in Units is subject to the Committee’s exercise of downward discretion to reduce the amounts earned on achievement of performance goals.
(b)    In the event that the Employee’s employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer terminates by reason of the Employee’s death following the Grant Date, 100 percent of the Employee’s then unvested Units shall vest and be payable, as set forth in section 6(b), at a target level of performance. In the event of the Employee’s Termination of Employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer due to Disability or Retirement six months or longer after the Grant Date, unvested Units shall continue to vest as if there had been no Termination of Employment, subject to the achievement of performance goals, and shall be paid as set forth in section 6(a), provided, however, that the Committee shall have discretion to determine at any time during the vesting period that an Employee shall not vest in whole or in part in a particular Unit. In the event of the Employee’s Termination of





Employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer for any other reason, unvested Units shall be forfeited.
(c)    In the event of a Change in Control, vesting and payment will be as set forth in sections 2(a) and 6(a) to the extent the achievement of performance goals can continue to be measured after the Change in Control. To the extent the achievement of performance goals is no longer capable of measurement following a Change in Control, 100 percent of the Employee’s unvested Units shall vest on February __, 20__, conditioned upon the Employee’s continued employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer, or successor thereto, as of February __, 20__, and shall be paid at a target level of performance at the time set forth in section 6(a). In the event of the Employee’s Termination of Employment with the Company or an Affiliated Employer or successor thereto (within the meaning of Code section 409A), without Cause or by the Employee with Good Reason, six months preceding or two years following a Change in Control, 100 percent of the Employee’s then unvested Units shall vest upon the later of the Employee’s termination date or the Change in Control and be payable in accordance with section 6(c) at a target level of performance.
3.    Transfer Restrictions.
The Units granted hereunder may not be sold, assigned, margined, transferred, encumbered, conveyed, gifted, hypothecated, pledged, or otherwise disposed of and may not be subject to lien, garnishment, attachment or other legal process, except as expressly permitted by the Plan.
4.    Stockholder Rights.
Prior to the time that the Employee’s Units vest and the Company has issued Common Shares relating to such Units, the Employee will not be deemed to be the holder of, or have any of the rights of a holder with respect to, any Common Shares deliverable with respect to such Units. Specifically, and without limiting the foregoing, the Employee shall not be entitled to dividends or dividend equivalents prior to being issued Common Shares.
5.    Changes in Stock.
In the event of any change in the number and kind of outstanding stock by reason of any recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, stock split or any similar change affecting the Common Shares (other than a dividend payable in Common Shares) the Company shall make an appropriate adjustment in the number and terms of the Units credited to the Employee’s Account as provided in the Plan. The adjustment provided under this Section 5 will be nondiscretionary and final and binding on all interested parties, including the affected Employee and the Company; provided that the Committee will determine whether an adjustment is appropriate.
6.    Form and Timing of Payment.
(a)    The Company shall pay within 60 days following the February __, 20__, vesting date set forth in section 2(a) above, a number of Common Shares equal to the aggregate number of Units determined to have been earned.



(b)    In the event of vesting under section 2(b) above due to an Employee’s death, payment shall be made within 90 days following death.
(c)    In the event of vesting under section 2(c) above due to Termination of Employment in connection with a Change in Control, payment shall be made as follows:
(i) in the event of Termination of Employment prior to the Change in Control, within 90 days following the Change in Control; or (ii) in the event of Termination of Employment after the Change in Control, on the first business day which is at least six months after the Termination of Employment or at such later date permitted under Code section 409A.
(d)    Notwithstanding section 6(a) above, the Company may, in its sole discretion, settle the Units in the form of a cash payment to the extent settlement in Common Shares is prohibited under local law, or would require the Employee, the Company and/or the Employer to obtain the approval of any governmental and/or regulatory body in the Employee’s country of residence (or country of employment, if different). Alternatively, the Company may, in its sole discretion, settle the Units in the form of Common Shares but require the Employee to immediately sell such Common Shares (in which case, this Agreement shall give the Company the authority to issue sales instructions on behalf of the Employee).
7.    Compliance with Law.
No Common Shares (or cash pursuant to section 6(d) above) will be delivered to the Employee in accordance with section 6 above unless counsel for the Company is satisfied that such delivery will be in compliance with all applicable laws, including, without limitation, any rule, regulation or procedure of the U.S. national securities exchange upon which the Company’s Common Shares are traded or any listing agreement with any such securities exchange, or any other requirement of law or of any administrative or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company or an Affiliated Employer.
8.    Death of Employee.
In the event of the Employee’s death, where the death results in vesting and payment of Units under section 2(b) above, payment shall be made to the Employee’s estate or beneficiary.
9.    Recoupment Policy.
In the event of a restatement of materially inaccurate financial results, the Committee has the discretion to recover from the Employee stock or cash equal to the value of the stock issued on settlement of these Units or the proceeds realized by the Employee on the sale of such stock to the extent the vesting schedule of the Units under section 2(a) includes all or part of the period covered by the restatement. If the amount that would have vested based on achievement of performance goals would have been lower had the achievement of applicable financial performance targets been calculated based on such restated financial results, the Committee may, if it determines appropriate in its sole discretion recover from the Employee stock or cash equal to the portion of the stock issued in excess of the amount that would have been paid based on the restated financial results. A recovery under this section 9 can be made by withholding compensation otherwise due to the Employee. Unless



otherwise required by applicable laws or stock exchange listing standards, the Company will not seek to recover amounts paid under this Agreement more than three years after the date the Company files the report with the Securities and Exchange Commission that contained the incorrect financial results. This Recoupment Policy is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any recoupment requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or under other applicable laws, rules, regulations or stock exchange listing standards, including, without limitation, Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and shall apply notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement or in the Plan.
10.    Taxes.
The Employee shall be liable for any and all taxes, including income tax (including U.S. federal, state and local taxes and/or non-U.S. taxes), social insurance, payroll tax, fringe benefits tax, payment on account or other tax-related withholding (“Tax-Related Items”), arising out of this grant or the issuance of the Common Shares on vesting of Units hereunder or any other taxable event in connection with the Units.
Prior to any such taxable event, the Employee (or the Employee’s estate) shall pay or make adequate arrangements satisfactory to the Company or, if different, the Employee’s employer (the “Employer”) to meet the Company’s or the Employer’s withholding obligations for Tax-Related Items. In this regard, the Company is authorized to deduct from the total number of Common Shares the Employee is to receive on settlement of the Units a number of Common Shares with a total value equal to the amount necessary to satisfy any such withholding obligation at the minimum applicable withholding rate or, to the extent permitted by applicable accounting principles, up to the maximum applicable withholding rate. If the obligation for Tax-Related Items is satisfied by withholding in Common Shares, for tax purposes, the Employee is deemed to have been issued the full number of Common Shares subject to the vested Units, notwithstanding that a number of the Common Shares are held back solely for the purpose of paying the Tax-Related Items.
Alternatively, provided the Employee is not subject to Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 16b-3, the Company may sell or arrange for the sale of a sufficient number of Common Shares issued to the Employee upon settlement of the Units to meet the Tax-Related Items withholding obligation, in which case, the Company may withhold or account for Tax-Related Items by considering maximum applicable rates and the Employee will receive a refund of any over-withheld amount in cash and will have no entitlement to the Common Share equivalent.
The Employee agrees to pay to the Company or the Employer, including through withholding from the Employee’s wages or other cash compensation paid to the Employee by the Company and/or the Employer, any amount of Tax-Related Items that the Company or the Employer may be required to withhold or account for as a result of the Employee’s participation in the Plan that cannot be satisfied by the means previously described including, without limitation, any Federal Insurance Contributions Act taxes required to be withheld before settlement of the Units.
Finally, the Employee acknowledges that the ultimate liability for all Tax-Related Items legally due by the Employee is and remains the Employee’s responsibility, regardless of any withholding by the Company or the Employer, and that the Company and the Employer: (a) make no representations or undertakings regarding the treatment of any Tax-Related Items in



connection with any aspect of the Units, including the grant of the Units, the vesting of the Units, the settlement of the Units, the subsequent sale of any Common Shares acquired pursuant to the Units, or the receipt of any dividends; and (b) do not commit to structure the terms of the grant or any aspect of the Units to reduce or eliminate the Employee’s liability for Tax-Related Items. The Company may refuse to issue or deliver the Common Shares, or the proceeds of the sale of Common Shares, if the Employee fails to comply with the Employee’s obligations in connection with the Tax-Related Items.
11.    Discretionary Nature of Plan.
The Employee acknowledges and agrees that the Plan is discretionary in nature and may be amended, cancelled, or terminated by the Company, in its sole discretion, at any time. The grant of Units under the Plan is a one-time benefit and does not create any contractual or other right to receive a grant of Units, other types of grants under the Plan, or benefits in lieu of such grants in the future. Future grants, if any, will be at the sole discretion of the Company, including, but not limited to, the timing of any grant, the number of Units granted and vesting provisions.
12.    Consent to On-Line Grant and Acceptance.
The Employee acknowledges and agrees that, as a term of this grant of Units, any grant, communication, or acceptance of such grant, if applicable, is permitted to be made and processed through the online system operated and maintained for this purpose. The Employee further acknowledges and agrees that execution of any documents through such system shall have the same force and effect as if executed in writing.
13.    Section 409A.
To the extent the Company determines that this Agreement is subject to Code section 409A, but does not conform with the requirements of Code section 409A the Company may at its sole discretion amend or replace the Agreement to cause the Agreement to comply with Code section 409A. The Agreement shall be construed and administered consistent with Code section 409A or an exemption from Code section 409A. The Company makes no representation that the Agreement is exempt from or complies with Code section 409A and makes no undertaking to preclude Code section 409A from applying to the Agreement. The Company will have no liability to the Employee or to any other party if the Agreement that is intended to be exempt from or compliant with Section 409A is not so exempt or compliant or for any action taken by the Company with respect thereto.

14.    Miscellaneous.
(a)    All amounts granted under this Agreement shall continue for all purposes to be a part of the general assets of the Company. The Employee’s interest in the amount ultimately determined to be earned shall make the Employee only a general, unsecured creditor of the Company.
(b)    The parties agree to execute such further instruments and to take such action as may reasonably be necessary to carry out the intent of this Agreement.



(c)    Any notice required or permitted hereunder that is not covered by section 12 above, shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon delivery to the Employee at the address then on file with the Company or upon delivery to the Company at 2000 Purchase Street, Purchase, New York 10577, Attn: Group Head, Global Rewards.
(d)    Neither the Plan nor this Agreement nor any provisions under either shall be construed so as to grant the Employee any right to remain in the employ of the Company or an Affiliated Employer. Neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere with the rights of the Company or an Affiliated Employer, as applicable, to terminate the employment of the Employee and/or take any personnel action affecting the Employee without regard to the effect which such action may have upon the Employee as a recipient or prospective recipient of any benefits under the Plan or this Agreement.

The value of the Units granted hereunder is an extraordinary item of compensation outside the scope of the Employee’s terms and conditions of employment and/or employment contract, if any. As such, the Units granted hereunder are not part of normal or expected compensation for purposes of calculating any severance, resignation, redundancy, end of service payments, bonuses, long-service awards, pension, or retirement benefits or similar payments.
(e)    The Company reserves the right to impose other requirements on the Units, any Common Shares acquired or payment made pursuant to the Units, and the Employee’s participation in the Plan, to the extent the Company determines, in its sole discretion, that such other requirements are necessary or advisable. Such requirements may include (but are not limited to) requiring the Employee to sign any agreements or undertakings that may be necessary to accomplish the foregoing.
(f)    Notwithstanding any provisions in this Agreement, the Units will be subject to any country-specific terms set forth in an addendum to this Agreement for Participants who work or reside in a country outside the United States (“Addendum”). Moreover, if the Employee relocates to one of the countries included in the Addendum, the terms for such country will apply to him or her, to the extent the Company determines that the application of such terms is necessary or advisable. The Addendum constitutes part of this Agreement.
(g)    The provisions of this Agreement are severable and if any one or more provisions are determined to be illegal or otherwise unenforceable, in whole or in part, the remaining provisions shall nevertheless be binding and enforceable. Further, upon a determination that any term or other provision of this Agreement is illegal or otherwise incapable of being enforced, such term or other provision shall be deemed replaced by a term or provision that is valid and enforceable and that comes closest to expressing the intention of the illegal or unenforceable term or provision.
(e)    This Agreement, along with the incorporated grant statement, an executed MasterCard LTIP Non-Competition Agreement, and any special provisions for the Employee’s country of residence or employment, as set forth in the applicable Addendum, constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof.




By: ___________________________
Name:
Title:






EXHIBIT 12.1


MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

 
Three Months Ended
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
March 31, 2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Pre-tax income before adjustment for non-controlling interests
$
1,336

 
$
4,952

 
$
5,082

 
$
4,502

 
$
3,932

 
$
2,746

Loss attributable to non-controlling interests and equity investments
2

 
89

 
27

 
37

 
25

 
18

Add: Fixed charges
21

 
63

 
50

 
20

 
25

 
29

Earnings
$
1,359

 
$
5,104

 
$
5,159

 
$
4,559

 
$
3,982

 
$
2,793

Fixed charges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
$
20

 
$
61

 
$
48

 
$
14

 
$
20

 
$
25

Portion of rental expense under operating leases deemed to be the equivalent of interest 1
1

 
2

 
2

 
6

 
5

 
4

Total fixed charges
$
21

 
$
63

 
$
50

 
$
20

 
$
25

 
$
29

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges
64.7

 
81.0

 
103.2

 
228.0

 
159.3

 
96.3

    
1 Portion of rental expense under operating leases deemed to be the equivalent of interest at an appropriate interest factor.







EXHIBIT 15



April 28, 2016

Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, DC 20549

Commissioners:

We are aware that our report dated April 28, 2016 on our review of interim financial information of MasterCard Incorporated and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2016 and for the three month periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 and included in the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 is incorporated by reference in its Registration Statements on Form S-8 dated June 30, 2006 (File No. 333-135572), August 9, 2006 (File No. 333-136460), and June 15, 2007 (File No. 333-143777), and the Registration Statement on Form S-3 dated June 15, 2015 (No. 333-204959).

Very truly yours,




/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
New York, New York







EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a),
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002


I, Ajay Banga, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of MasterCard Incorporated for the three months ended March 31, 2016;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 
Date:
April 28, 2016
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Ajay Banga
 
 
Ajay Banga
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer






EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a),
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002


I, Martina Hund-Mejean, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of MasterCard Incorporated for the three months ended March 31, 2016;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 
Date:
April 28, 2016
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Martina Hund-Mejean
 
 
Martina Hund-Mejean
 
 
Chief Financial Officer

 




EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002


In connection with the quarterly report of MasterCard Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the three month period ended March 31, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Ajay Banga, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
April 28, 2016
 
/s/ Ajay Banga
Ajay Banga
President and Chief Executive Officer






EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002


In connection with the quarterly report of MasterCard Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the three month period ended March 31, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Martina Hund-Mejean, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:
1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
April 28, 2016
 
/s/ Martina Hund-Mejean
Martina Hund-Mejean
Chief Financial Officer






EXHIBIT 99.1
Section 13(r) Disclosure

MasterCard has established a risk-based compliance program designed to prevent us from having business dealings with Iran, as well as other prohibited countries, regions, individuals or entities. This includes obligating issuers and acquirers to screen cardholders and merchants, respectively, against the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control’s (“OFAC”) List of Specially Designated Nationals (“SDN list”). During the period covered by this report, we learned through our program that:
certain European acquirers had previously entered into acquiring relationships for consular services with Iranian embassies located in Austria, France, Russia and Spain; and
certain European and Middle East/Asian acquirers had previously entered into acquiring relationships with Iran Air in Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Malaysia and Qatar.

As a result, these embassies and Iran Air have accepted MasterCard cards and we have processed the resultant transactions. Our review of this activity is ongoing.
OFAC regulations and other legal authorities provide exemptions for certain activities involving dealings with Iran. However, Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 requires us to disclose whether we, or any of our affiliates, have knowingly engaged in certain transactions or dealings involving the Government of Iran or with certain persons or entities found on the SDN list, regardless of whether these dealings constitute a violation of OFAC regulations. We intend to allow our acquirers to continue to engage in these transactions to the extent permitted by law.
We do not calculate net revenues or net profits associated with specific merchants (our customers’ customers). However, we used our fee schedule and the number and amount of transactions involving the Iranian embassies and Iran Air to estimate the net revenue and net profit we obtained during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and the four years ended December 31, 2015.  Both the number of transactions and our estimated net revenue and net profits for those periods are de minimis. 


v3.4.0.3
Document and Entity Information - shares
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Apr. 21, 2016
Entity Registrant Name MASTERCARD INC  
Trading Symbol MA  
Entity Central Index Key 0001141391  
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31  
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer  
Document Type 10-Q  
Document Period End Date Mar. 31, 2016  
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2016  
Document Fiscal Period Focus Q1  
Amendment Flag false  
Class A Common Stock    
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   1,078,665,919
Class B Common Stock    
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   20,382,480
v3.4.0.3
Consolidated Balance Sheet - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
ASSETS    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 4,894 $ 5,747
Restricted cash for litigation settlement 542 541
Investments 1,314 991
Accounts receivable 1,186 1,079
Settlement due from customers 1,020 1,068
Restricted security deposits held for customers 937 895
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 713 663
Total Current Assets 10,606 10,984
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $526 and $491, respectively 669 675
Deferred income taxes 353 317
Goodwill 1,886 1,891
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $871 and $816, respectively 788 803
Other assets 1,603 1,580
Total Assets 15,905 16,250
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY    
Accounts payable 409 472
Settlement due to customers 849 866
Restricted security deposits held for customers 937 895
Accrued litigation 710 709
Accrued expenses 2,876 2,763
Other current liabilities 659 564
Total Current Liabilities 6,440 6,269
Long-term debt 3,333 3,268
Deferred income taxes 76 79
Other liabilities 545 572
Total Liabilities $ 10,394 $ 10,188
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity    
Additional paid-in-capital $ 4,009 $ 4,004
Class A treasury stock, at cost, 291 and 275 shares, respectively (14,882) (13,522)
Retained earnings 16,972 16,222
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (620) (676)
Total Stockholders’ Equity 5,479 6,028
Non-controlling interests 32 34
Total Equity 5,511 6,062
Total Liabilities and Equity 15,905 16,250
Class A Common Stock    
Stockholders’ Equity    
Common stock 0 0
Total Equity 0 0
Class B Common Stock    
Stockholders’ Equity    
Common stock 0 0
Total Equity $ 0 $ 0
v3.4.0.3
Consolidated Balance Sheet (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Property, plant and equipment, accumulated depreciation $ 526 $ 491
Other intangible assets, accumulated amortization $ 871 $ 816
Class A treasury stock, shares 291,000,000 275,000,000
Class A Common Stock    
Common stock, par value $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized 3,000,000,000 3,000,000,000
Common stock, issued 1,372,000,000 1,370,000,000
Common stock, outstanding 1,082,000,000 1,095,000,000
Class B Common Stock    
Common stock, par value $ 0.0001 $ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized 1,200,000,000 1,200,000,000
Common stock, issued 20,000,000 21,000,000
Common stock, outstanding 20,000,000 21,000,000
v3.4.0.3
Consolidated Statement of Operations - USD ($)
shares in Millions, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Mar. 31, 2015
Net Revenue $ 2,446 $ 2,230
Operating Expenses    
General and administrative 868 650
Advertising and marketing 135 142
Depreciation and amortization 95 87
Total operating expenses 1,098 879
Operating income 1,348 1,351
Other Income (Expense)    
Investment income 10 9
Interest expense (20) (17)
Other income (expense), net (1) (3)
Total other income (expense) (11) (11)
Income before income taxes 1,337 1,340
Income tax expense 378 320
Net Income $ 959 $ 1,020
Basic Earnings per Share $ 0.86 $ 0.89
Basic Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding 1,109 1,148
Diluted Earnings per Share $ 0.86 $ 0.89
Diluted Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding [1] 1,112 1,152
[1] For the periods presented, the calculation of diluted EPS excluded a minimal amount of anti-dilutive share-based payment awards.
v3.4.0.3
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Mar. 31, 2015
Net Income $ 959 $ 1,020
Other comprehensive income (loss):    
Foreign currency translation adjustments [1],[3] 94 [2] (380)
Income tax effect 2 5
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of income tax effect [3] 96 [2] (375) [1]
Translation adjustments on net investment hedge (64) 0
Income tax effect 22 0
Translation adjustments on net investment hedge, net of income tax effect [3] (42) [2] 0 [1]
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans 0 1
Income tax effect 0 0
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans, net of income tax effect [3] 0 [2] 1 [1]
Investment securities available-for-sale 3 (5)
Income tax effect (1) 0
Investment securities available-for-sale, net of income tax effect [3] 2 [2] (5) [1]
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax [3] 56 [2] (379) [1]
Comprehensive Income $ 1,015 $ 641
[1] During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the increase in other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the devaluation of the euro.
[2] During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the decrease in other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the appreciation of the euro.
[3] For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, deferred costs related to the Company’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans were not significant and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to general and administrative expenses. Additionally, insignificant gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to investment income.
v3.4.0.3
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity - 3 months ended Mar. 31, 2016 - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Total
Retained Earnings
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Additional Paid-In Capital
Class A Treasury Stock
Non- Controlling Interests
Class A Common Stock
Class B Common Stock
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015 $ 6,062 $ 16,222 $ (676) $ 4,004 $ (13,522) $ 34 $ 0 $ 0
Net income 959 959            
Activity related to non-controlling interests (2)         (2)    
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 56 [1],[2]   56          
Cash dividends declared on Class A and Class B common stock, $0.19 per share (209) (209)            
Purchases of treasury stock (1,364)       (1,364)      
Share-based payments 9     5 4      
Balance at Mar. 31, 2016 $ 5,511 $ 16,972 $ (620) $ 4,009 $ (14,882) $ 32 $ 0 $ 0
[1] During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the decrease in other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the appreciation of the euro.
[2] For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, deferred costs related to the Company’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans were not significant and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to general and administrative expenses. Additionally, insignificant gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to investment income.
v3.4.0.3
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (Parenthetical)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
$ / shares
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]  
Cash dividends declared on Class A and Class B common stock, per share $ 0.19
v3.4.0.3
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Mar. 31, 2015
Operating Activities    
Net income $ 959 $ 1,020
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:    
Amortization of customer and merchant incentives 204 184
Depreciation and amortization 95 87
Share-based payments (40) (53)
Deferred income taxes (20) 37
Other (15) (37)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:    
Accounts receivable (87) (30)
Income taxes receivable (3) (63)
Settlement due from customers 69 (108)
Prepaid expenses (180) (57)
Accrued litigation and legal settlements 6 (40)
Accounts payable (75) 1
Settlement due to customers (41) 158
Accrued expenses 27 (214)
Net change in other assets and liabilities 109 26
Net cash provided by operating activities 1,008 911
Investing Activities    
Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale (446) (691)
Purchases of other short-term investments held-to-maturity (60) 0
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale 69 84
Proceeds from maturities of investment securities available-for-sale 55 166
Proceeds from maturities of investment securities held-to-maturity 80 0
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired 0 (12)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment (37) (31)
Capitalized software (38) (26)
Other investing activities (8) (9)
Net cash used in investing activities (385) (519)
Financing Activities    
Purchases of treasury stock (1,357) (947)
Dividends paid (212) (184)
Tax benefit for share-based payments 22 27
Cash proceeds from exercise of stock options 4 10
Other financing activities (2) (6)
Net cash used in financing activities (1,545) (1,100)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 69 (222)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (853) (930)
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period 5,747 5,137
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period 4,894 4,207
Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities    
Fair value of assets acquired, net of cash acquired 0 13
Fair value of liabilities assumed related to acquisitions $ 0 $ 0
v3.4.0.3
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
MasterCard Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries, including MasterCard International Incorporated (“MasterCard International” and together with MasterCard Incorporated, “MasterCard” or the “Company”), is a technology company in the global payments industry that connects consumers, financial institutions, merchants, governments and businesses worldwide, enabling them to use electronic forms of payment instead of cash and checks. The Company facilitates the processing of payment transactions including authorization, clearing and settlement, and delivers related products and services. The Company makes payments easier and more efficient by creating a wide range of payment solutions and services through a family of well-known brands, including MasterCard®, Maestro® and Cirrus®. The Company also provides value-added offerings such as loyalty and reward programs, information services and consulting. The Company’s network is designed to ensure safety and security for the global payments system. A typical transaction on the Company’s network involves four participants in addition to the Company: cardholder, merchant, issuer (the cardholder’s financial institution) and acquirer (the merchant’s financial institution). The Company’s customers encompass a vast array of entities, including financial institutions and other entities that act as “issuers” and “acquirers”, as well as merchants, governments, telecommunication companies and other businesses. The Company does not issue cards, extend credit, determine or receive revenue from interest rates or other fees charged to cardholders by issuers, or establish the rates charged by acquirers in connection with merchants’ acceptance of the Company’s branded cards.
Consolidation and basis of presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of MasterCard and its majority-owned and controlled entities, including any variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no significant VIEs which required consolidation. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 presentation. In addition, the March 31, 2015 statement of cash flows was revised to correctly classify purchases of and proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale with no net impact to investing activities (both line items were revised by $432 million). The Company follows accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
The balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2015. The consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 and as of March 31, 2016 are unaudited, and in the opinion of management, include all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the results for interim periods. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and, consequently, do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP. Reference should be made to the MasterCard Incorporated Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 for additional disclosures, including a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies.
Non-controlling interest amounts are included in the consolidated statement of operations within other income (expense). For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 activity from non-controlling interests was insignificant.
Recent accounting pronouncements
Share-Based Payments - In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued accounting guidance related to share-based payments to employees. Under this guidance, companies will be required to recognize the income tax effects of awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled (i.e., additional paid-in-capital pools will be eliminated). In addition, the new guidance changes the limit that companies are allowed to withhold for employees without triggering liability classification and allows companies to make a policy election to either recognize forfeitures as they occur or estimate them. The new guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption is permitted. The required transition methods for each aspect of the new guidance varies between prospective, retrospective and modified retrospective. The Company is in the process of evaluating the potential effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and which method of adoption it will select.
Leases - In February 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance that will change how companies account for and present lease arrangements. The guidance requires companies to recognize leased assets and liabilities for both capital and operating leases. The new guidance is effective for periods after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. Companies are required to adopt the guidance on a modified retrospective method. The Company is evaluating the potential effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Debt Issuance Costs - In April 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance that changed the current presentation of debt issuance costs on the balance sheet. This new guidance moves debt issuance costs from the assets section of the balance sheet to the liabilities section as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt issued. The Company adopted the accounting guidance effective January 1, 2016. The Company applied the new guidance retrospectively and, as such, the December 31, 2015 balance sheet was adjusted to reflect the effects of the new standard. This retrospective adjustment resulted in reductions of prepaid expenses and other current assets, other assets and long-term debt by $1 million, $18 million and $19 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2016, $19 million of debt issuance costs were presented off-setting long-term debt.
Revenue Recognition - In May 2014, the FASB issued accounting guidance that provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition requirements. Under this guidance, an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance that delayed the effective date of this standard by one year, making the guidance effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company will adopt the new accounting guidance effective January 1, 2018. The accounting guidance permits either a full retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. The Company is in the process of evaluating the potential effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and which method of adoption it will select.
v3.4.0.3
Earnings Per Share
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share
The components of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) for common stock were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions, except per share data)
Numerator:
 
 
 
Net income
$
959

 
$
1,020

Denominator:
 
 
 
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
1,109

 
1,148

Dilutive stock options and stock units
3

 
4

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1
1,112

 
1,152

Earnings per Share:
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.86

 
$
0.89

Diluted
$
0.86

 
$
0.89



1 For the periods presented, the calculation of diluted EPS excluded a minimal amount of anti-dilutive share-based payment awards.
[1]
[1] For the periods presented, the calculation of diluted EPS excluded a minimal amount of anti-dilutive share-based payment awards.
v3.4.0.3
Fair Value
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]  
Fair Value and Investment Securities
Fair Value and Investment Securities
Financial Instruments – Recurring Measurements
The Company classifies its fair value measurements of financial instruments into a three-level hierarchy (the “Valuation Hierarchy”). There were no transfers made among the three levels in the Valuation Hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2016.
The distribution of the Company’s financial instruments which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis within the Valuation Hierarchy was as follows:
 
March 31, 2016
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$

 
$
59

 
$

 
$
59

Government and agency securities 1
38

 
121

 

 
159

Corporate securities

 
913

 

 
913

Asset-backed securities

 
71

 

 
71

Other
2

 
(36
)
 

 
(34
)
Total
$
40

 
$
1,128

 
$

 
$
1,168

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$

 
$
62

 
$

 
$
62

Government and agency securities 1
31

 
64

 

 
95

Corporate securities

 
645

 

 
645

Asset-backed securities

 
57

 

 
57

Other
2

 
14

 

 
16

Total
$
33

 
$
842

 
$

 
$
875


1 Excludes amounts held in escrow related to the U.S. merchant class litigation settlement of $542 million and $541 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, which would be included in Level 1 of the Valuation Hierarchy. See Note 5 (Accrued Expenses and Accrued Litigation) and Note 10 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings) for further details.
The fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale municipal securities, government and agency securities, corporate securities and asset-backed securities are based on quoted prices for similar assets in active markets and are therefore included in Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy. The Company’s foreign currency derivative contracts have also been classified within Level 2 in the Other category of the Valuation Hierarchy, as the fair value is based on broker quotes for the same or similar derivative instruments. See Note 12 (Foreign Exchange Risk Management) for further details. The Company’s U.S. government securities and marketable equity securities are classified within Level 1 of the Valuation Hierarchy as the fair values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets.
Financial Instruments - Non-Recurring Measurements
Certain financial instruments are carried on the consolidated balance sheet at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term, highly liquid nature. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, time deposits, accounts receivable, settlement due from customers, restricted security deposits held for customers, accounts payable, settlement due to customers and accrued expenses. In addition, nonmarketable equity investments are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for purposes of initial recognition and impairment testing.
Investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheet include both available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities. Available-for-sale securities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are included in the Valuation Hierarchy table above. Held-to-maturity securities are made up of time deposits with maturities of greater than three months and less than one year and are classified as Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy, but are not included in the table above due to their fair values not being measured on a recurring basis. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the cost, which approximates fair value, of the Company’s held-to-maturity securities was $110 million and $130 million, respectively.
Debt
The Company estimates the fair value of its long-term debt using the market pricing approach which applies market assumptions for relevant though not directly comparable undertakings. Long-term debt is classified as Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy. At March 31, 2016, the carrying value and fair value of long-term debt was $3.3 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively. At December 31, 2015, the carrying value and fair value of long-term debt was $3.3 billion.
Settlement and Other Guarantee Liabilities
The Company estimates the fair value of its settlement and other guarantees using the market pricing approach which applies market assumptions for relevant though not directly comparable undertakings, as the latter are not observable in the market given the proprietary nature of such guarantees. At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the carrying value and fair value of settlement and other guarantee liabilities were not material. Settlement and other guarantee liabilities are classified as Level 3 of the Valuation Hierarchy as their valuation requires substantial judgment and estimation of factors that are not currently observable in the market. For additional information regarding the Company’s settlement and other guarantee liabilities, see Note 11 (Settlement and Other Risk Management).
Non-Financial Instruments
Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis for purposes of initial recognition and impairment testing. The Company’s non-financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include property, plant and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets. These assets are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment.
Amortized Costs and Fair Values – Available-for-Sale Investment Securities
The major classes of the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities, for which unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, and their respective amortized cost basis and fair values as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows:
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$
59

 
$

 
$

 
$
59

Government and agency securities
159

 

 

 
159

Corporate securities
910

 
3

 

 
913

Asset-backed securities
71

 

 

 
71

Other
2

 

 

 
2

Total
$
1,201

 
$
3

 
$

 
$
1,204

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$
62

 
$

 
$

 
$
62

Government and agency securities
94

 
1

 

 
95

Corporate securities
646

 

 
(1
)
 
645

Asset-backed securities
57

 

 

 
57

Other
2

 

 

 
2

Total
$
861

 
$
1

 
$
(1
)
 
$
861


The municipal securities are primarily comprised of tax-exempt bonds and are diversified across states and sectors. Government and agency securities include U.S. government bonds, U.S. government sponsored agency bonds and foreign government bonds with similar credit quality to that of the U.S. government bonds. Corporate securities are comprised of commercial paper and corporate bonds. The asset-backed securities are investments in bonds which are collateralized primarily by automobile loan receivables.
Investment Maturities
The maturity distribution based on the contractual terms of the Company’s investment securities at March 31, 2016 was as follows:
 
Available-For-Sale
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
(in millions)
Due within 1 year
$
413

 
$
413

Due after 1 year through 5 years
780

 
782

Due after 5 years through 10 years
1

 
1

Due after 10 years
6

 
6

No contractual maturity 1
1

 
2

Total
$
1,201

 
$
1,204


1 Equity securities have been included in the No contractual maturity category, as these securities do not have stated maturity dates.
Investment Income
Investment income primarily consists of interest income generated from cash, cash equivalents and investments. Gross realized gains and losses are recorded within investment income on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The gross realized gains and losses from the sales of available-for-sale securities for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were not significant.
v3.4.0.3
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
$
411

 
$
345

Prepaid income taxes
43

 
72

Other
259

 
246

Total prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
713

 
$
663


Other assets consisted of the following:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
$
831

 
$
810

Nonmarketable equity investments
169

 
166

Prepaid income taxes
360

 
352

Income taxes receivable
150

 
160

Other
93

 
92

Total other assets
$
1,603

 
$
1,580


Customer and merchant incentives represent payments made or amounts to be paid to customers and merchants under business agreements. Costs directly related to entering into such an agreement are generally deferred and amortized over the life of the agreement. Amounts to be paid for these incentives and the related liability were included in accrued expenses and other liabilities.
Non-current prepaid income taxes, included in the other asset table above, primarily consists of taxes paid in 2014 relating to the deferred charge on intercompany profits resulting from the reorganization of the Company’s legal entity and tax structure to better align with the business footprint of its non-U.S. operations. This deferred charge is amortized over 25 years.
v3.4.0.3
Accrued Expenses
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]  
Accrued Expenses and Accrued Litigation
Accrued Expenses and Accrued Litigation
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
$
1,932

 
$
1,748

Personnel costs
239

 
473

Advertising
58

 
114

Income and other taxes
354

 
143

Other
293

 
285

Total accrued expenses
$
2,876

 
$
2,763


As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company’s provision related to U.S. merchant litigations was $710 million and $709 million, respectively. These amounts are not included in the accrued expenses table above and are separately reported as accrued litigation on the consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2016, MasterCard executed settlement agreements with a number of opt-out merchants and no adjustment to the amount previously recorded was deemed necessary. See Note 10 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings) for further discussion of the U.S. merchant class litigation.
v3.4.0.3
Stockholders' Equity
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity
Stockholders’ Equity
The Company’s Board of Directors has approved share repurchase programs authorizing the Company to repurchase its Class A common stock. The Company typically completes a share repurchase program before a new program becomes effective. The following table summarizes the Company’s share repurchase authorizations of its Class A common stock through March 31, 2016, as well as historical purchases:
 
Authorization Dates
 
December 2015
 
December
2014
 
December
2013
 
Total
 
(in millions, except average price data)
Board authorization
$
4,000

 
$
3,750

 
$
3,500

 
$
11,250

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2015
$

 
$
672

 
$
275

 
$
947

Remaining authorization at December 31, 2015
$
4,000

 
$
507

 
$

 
$
4,507

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2016
$
850

 
$
507

 
$

 
$
1,357

Remaining authorization at March 31, 2016
$
3,150

 
$

 
$

 
$
3,150

Shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2015

 
7.8

 
3.2

 
11.0

Average price paid per share during the three months ended March 31, 2015
$

 
$
87.17

 
$
84.31

 
$
86.32

Shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2016
9.7

 
5.7

 

 
15.4

Average price paid per share during the three months ended March 31, 2016
$
87.38

 
$
89.76

 
$

 
$
88.26

Cumulative shares repurchased through March 31, 2016
9.7

 
40.8

 
45.8

 
96.3

Cumulative average price paid per share
$
87.38

 
$
92.03

 
$
76.42

 
$
84.13

v3.4.0.3
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
 
Translation Adjustments on Net Investment Hedge
 
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans
 
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2014
$
(230
)
 
$

 
$
(26
)
 
$
(4
)
 
$
(260
)
Current period other comprehensive income (loss) 1,2
(375
)
 

 
1

 
(5
)
 
(379
)
Balance at March 31, 2015
$
(605
)
 
$

 
$
(25
)
 
$
(9
)

$
(639
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
(663
)
 
$
(26
)
 
$
13

 
$

 
$
(676
)
Current period other comprehensive income (loss) 1,3
96

 
(42
)
 

 
2

 
56

Balance at March 31, 2016
$
(567
)
 
$
(68
)
 
$
13

 
$
2

 
$
(620
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1 For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, deferred costs related to the Company’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans were not significant and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to general and administrative expenses. Additionally, insignificant gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to investment income.
2 During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the increase in other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the devaluation of the euro.
3 During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the decrease in other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the appreciation of the euro.
v3.4.0.3
Share-Based Payments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Aggregate Disclosures [Abstract]  
Share-Based Payments
Share-Based Payments
During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company granted the following awards under the MasterCard Incorporated 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (“LTIP”). The LTIP is a shareholder-approved plan that permits the grant of various types of equity awards to employees.
 
Granted in 2016
 
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
 
(in millions)
 
 
Non-qualified stock options
1.7
 
$19
Restricted stock units
1.3
 
$88
Performance stock units
0.2
 
$92

Stock options generally vest in four equal annual installments beginning one year after the date of grant and have a term of ten years. The Company used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant date fair value of stock options and calculated the expected term and the expected volatility based on historical MasterCard information. As a result, the expected term of stock options granted in the first quarter of 2016 was five years, while the expected volatility was determined to be 23.3%.
Vesting of the shares underlying the restricted stock units and performance stock units will generally occur three years after the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock units is determined and fixed on the grant date based on the Company’s Class A common stock price, adjusted for the exclusion of dividend equivalents. The Monte Carlo simulation valuation model was used to determine the grant date fair value of performance stock units granted.
Compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures over the shorter of the vesting period or the date the individual becomes eligible to retire under the LTIP. The Company uses the straight-line method of attribution over the requisite service period for expensing equity awards.
v3.4.0.3
Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The effective income tax rates were 28.3% and 23.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the effective tax rate was higher than the comparable period in 2015, due to the recognition of a discrete benefit in 2015 relating to certain foreign taxes becoming eligible to be claimed as credits in the United States.
The Company conducts operations in multiple countries and, as a result, is subjected to tax examinations in various jurisdictions, including the United States.  Uncertain tax positions are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are adjusted after considering facts and circumstances, including progress of tax audits, developments in case law and closing of statutes of limitations.  Within the next twelve months, the Company believes that the resolution of certain federal, foreign and state and local tax examinations are reasonably possible and that a change in estimate may occur. While such a change may be significant, it is not possible to provide a range of the potential change until the examinations progress further or the related statutes of limitation expire. The Company has effectively settled its U.S. federal income tax obligations through 2008, with the exception of transfer pricing issues which are settled through 2011. With limited exception, the Company is no longer subject to state and local or foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2006.
v3.4.0.3
Legal and Regulatory Proceedings
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Legal and Regulatory Proceedings [Abstract]  
Legal and Regulatory Proceedings
Legal and Regulatory Proceedings
MasterCard is a party to legal and regulatory proceedings with respect to a variety of matters in the ordinary course of business.  Some of these proceedings are based on complex claims involving substantial uncertainties and unascertainable damages.  Accordingly, except as discussed below, it is not possible to determine the probability of loss or estimate damages, and therefore, MasterCard has not established reserves for any of these proceedings.  When the Company determines that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, MasterCard records a liability and discloses the amount of the liability if it is material. When a material loss contingency is only reasonably possible, MasterCard does not record a liability, but instead discloses the nature and the amount of the claim, and an estimate of the loss or range of loss, if such an estimate can be made. Unless otherwise stated below with respect to these matters, MasterCard cannot provide an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss based on one or more of the following reasons: (1) actual or potential plaintiffs have not claimed an amount of monetary damages or the amounts are unsupportable or exaggerated, (2) the matters are in early stages, (3) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions, (4) there are significant factual issues to be resolved, (5) the existence in many such proceedings of multiple defendants or potential defendants whose share of any potential financial responsibility has yet to be determined, and/or (6) there are novel legal issues presented. Furthermore, except as identified with respect to the matters below, MasterCard does not believe that the outcome of any individual existing legal or regulatory proceeding to which it is a party will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition or overall business.  However, an adverse judgment or other outcome or settlement with respect to any proceedings discussed below could result in fines or payments by MasterCard and/or could require MasterCard to change its business practices. In addition, an adverse outcome in a regulatory proceeding could lead to the filing of civil damage claims and possibly result in significant damage awards. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on MasterCard’s results of operations, financial condition and overall business.
Interchange Litigation and Regulatory Proceedings
MasterCard’s interchange fees and other practices are subject to regulatory and/or legal review and/or challenges in a number of jurisdictions, including the proceedings described below. When taken as a whole, the resulting decisions, regulations and legislation with respect to interchange fees and acceptance practices may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s prospects for future growth and its overall results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
United States. In June 2005, the first of a series of complaints were filed on behalf of merchants (the majority of the complaints were styled as class actions, although a few complaints were filed on behalf of individual merchant plaintiffs) against MasterCard International, Visa U.S.A., Inc., Visa International Service Association and a number of financial institutions. Taken together, the claims in the complaints were generally brought under both Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act, which prohibit monopolization and attempts or conspiracies to monopolize a particular industry, and some of these complaints contain unfair competition law claims under state law. The complaints allege, among other things, that MasterCard, Visa, and certain financial institutions conspired to set the price of interchange fees, enacted point of sale acceptance rules (including the no surcharge rule) in violation of antitrust laws and engaged in unlawful tying and bundling of certain products and services. The cases were consolidated for pre-trial proceedings in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York in MDL No. 1720. The plaintiffs filed a consolidated class action complaint that seeks treble damages.
In July 2006, the group of purported merchant class plaintiffs filed a supplemental complaint alleging that MasterCard’s initial public offering of its Class A Common Stock in May 2006 (the “IPO”) and certain purported agreements entered into between MasterCard and financial institutions in connection with the IPO: (1) violate U.S. antitrust laws and (2) constituted a fraudulent conveyance because the financial institutions allegedly attempted to release, without adequate consideration, MasterCard’s right to assess them for MasterCard’s litigation liabilities. The class plaintiffs sought treble damages and injunctive relief including, but not limited to, an order reversing and unwinding the IPO.
In February 2011, MasterCard and MasterCard International entered into each of: (1) an omnibus judgment sharing and settlement sharing agreement with Visa Inc., Visa U.S.A. Inc. and Visa International Service Association and a number of financial institutions; and (2) a MasterCard settlement and judgment sharing agreement with a number of financial institutions.  The agreements provide for the apportionment of certain costs and liabilities which MasterCard, the Visa parties and the financial institutions may incur, jointly and/or severally, in the event of an adverse judgment or settlement of one or all of the cases in the merchant litigations.  Among a number of scenarios addressed by the agreements, in the event of a global settlement involving the Visa parties, the financial institutions and MasterCard, MasterCard would pay 12% of the monetary portion of the settlement. In the event of a settlement involving only MasterCard and the financial institutions with respect to their issuance of MasterCard cards, MasterCard would pay 36% of the monetary portion of such settlement. 
In October 2012, the parties entered into a definitive settlement agreement with respect to the merchant class litigation (including with respect to the claims related to the IPO) and the defendants separately entered into a settlement agreement with the individual merchant plaintiffs. The settlements included cash payments that were apportioned among the defendants pursuant to the omnibus judgment sharing and settlement sharing agreement described above. MasterCard also agreed to provide class members with a short-term reduction in default credit interchange rates and to modify certain of its business practices, including its No Surcharge Rule. Objections to the settlement were filed by both merchants and certain competitors, including Discover. Discover’s objections include a challenge to the settlement on the grounds that certain of the rule changes agreed to in the settlement constitute a restraint of trade in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act. The court granted final approval of the settlement in December 2013. Objectors to the settlement appealed the decision, and an oral argument was heard on the appeal in September 2015. Separately, the objectors filed a motion in July 2015 to set aside the approval order, contending that the merchant class was inadequately represented and the settlement was insufficient because a counsel for several individual merchant plaintiffs improperly exchanged communications with a defense counsel who at the time was representing MasterCard.
Merchants representing slightly more than 25% of the MasterCard and Visa purchase volume over the relevant period chose to opt out of the class settlement. MasterCard anticipates that most of the larger merchants who opted out of the settlement will initiate separate actions seeking to recover damages, and over 30 opt-out complaints have been filed on behalf of numerous merchants in various jurisdictions. The defendants have consolidated all of these matters (except for one state court action in New Mexico) in front of the same federal district court that is overseeing the approval of the settlement. In July 2014, the district court denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss the opt-out merchant complaints for failure to state a claim.
MasterCard recorded a pre-tax charge of $770 million in the fourth quarter of 2011 and an additional $20 million pre-tax charge in the second quarter of 2012 relating to the settlement agreements described above. In 2012, MasterCard paid $790 million with respect to the settlements, of which $726 million was paid into a qualified cash settlement fund related to the merchant class litigation. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, MasterCard had $542 million and $541 million, respectively, in the qualified cash settlement fund classified as restricted cash on its balance sheet. The class settlement agreement provided for a return to the defendants of a portion of the class cash settlement fund, based upon the percentage of purchase volume represented by the opt-out merchants. This resulted in $164 million from the cash settlement fund being returned to MasterCard in January 2014 and reclassified at that time from restricted cash to cash and cash equivalents. In the fourth quarter of 2013, MasterCard recorded an incremental net pre-tax charge of $95 million related to the opt-out merchants, representing a change in its estimate of probable losses relating to these matters.  MasterCard has executed settlement agreements with a number of opt-out merchants and no adjustment to the amount previously recorded was deemed necessary. As of March 31, 2016, MasterCard had accrued a liability of $710 million as a reserve for both the merchant class litigation and the filed and anticipated opt-out merchant cases.
The portion of the accrued liability relating to the opt-out merchants does not represent an estimate of a loss, if any, if the opt-out merchant matters were litigated to a final outcome, in which case MasterCard cannot estimate the potential liability. MasterCard’s estimate involves significant judgment and may change depending on progress in settlement negotiations or depending upon decisions in any opt-out merchant cases. In addition, in the event that the merchant class litigation settlement approval is overturned, a negative outcome in the litigation could have a material adverse effect on MasterCard’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
Canada. In December 2010, a proposed class action complaint was commenced against MasterCard in Quebec on behalf of Canadian merchants. That suit essentially repeated the allegations and arguments of a previously filed application by the Canadian Competition Bureau to the Canadian Competition Tribunal (dismissed in MasterCard’s favor) related to certain MasterCard rules related to point-of-sale acceptance, including the “honor all cards” and “no surcharge” rules. The suit sought compensatory and punitive damages in unspecified amounts, as well as injunctive relief. In the first half of 2011, additional purported class action lawsuits containing similar allegations to the Quebec class action were commenced in British Columbia and Ontario against MasterCard, Visa and a number of large Canadian financial institutions. The British Columbia suit seeks compensatory damages in unspecified amounts, and the Ontario suit seeks compensatory damages of $5 billion. The British Columbia and Ontario suits also seek punitive damages in unspecified amounts, as well as injunctive relief, interest and legal costs. The Quebec suit was later amended to include the same defendants and similar claims as in the British Columbia and Ontario suits. With respect to the status of the proceedings: (1) the Quebec suit has been stayed, (2) the Ontario suit is being temporarily suspended while the British Columbia suit proceeds, and (3) the British Columbia appellate court issued an order in August 2015 allowing several of the merchants’ claims to proceed on a class basis. Additional proposed class action complaints have been filed in Saskatchewan and Alberta with claims that largely mirror those in the British Columbia and Ontario suits. If the class action lawsuits are ultimately successful, negative decisions could have a significant adverse impact on the revenue of MasterCard’s Canadian customers and on MasterCard’s overall business in Canada and could result in substantial damage awards.
Europe. In July 2015, the European Commission issued a Statement of Objections related to MasterCard’s interregional interchange fees and central acquiring rules within the European Economic Area. The Statement of Objections, which follows an investigation opened in 2013, includes preliminary conclusions concerning the anticompetitive effects of these practices. The European Commission has indicated it intends to seek fines if these conclusions are subsequently confirmed. Although the Statement of Objections does not quantify the level of fines, it is possible that they could be substantial. MasterCard would not expect fines to be imposed if it agrees with the Commission to business practice changes that address the Commission’s concerns. In April 2016, MasterCard submitted a response to the Statement of Objections disputing the Commission’s preliminary conclusions.
In the United Kingdom, beginning in May 2012, a number of retailers filed claims or threatened litigation against MasterCard seeking damages for alleged anti-competitive conduct with respect to MasterCard’s cross-border interchange fees and its U.K. and Ireland domestic interchange fees (the “UK Merchant claimants”). These retailers seek purported damages in excess of $1 billion. Additional merchants have filed or threatened litigation with respect to interchange rates in Europe (the “Pan-European claimants”) for purported damages exceeding $1 billion.  In June 2015, MasterCard entered into a settlement with one of the UK Merchant claimants for $61 million, recorded as a provision for litigation settlement. MasterCard has submitted statements of defense to the remaining retailers’ claims disputing liability and damages. A trial for liability and damages for one of the U.K. merchant cases commenced in January 2016. The merchant in that action has claimed compensatory damages of approximately $300 million, and is also seeking costs and punitive damages. MasterCard has argued that there is no liability or damage to the merchant. The trial concluded in March 2016, with a decision expected later in the year.  
With respect to all UK Merchant claimants’ litigations, MasterCard believes that it is reasonably possible that it could incur a loss and estimates the lower end of a negotiated settlement could result in a loss of $270 million. MasterCard’s estimate involves significant judgment and may change from time to time due to the varying stages of the UK Merchant claimants’ litigations, progress in settlement negotiations and the potential uncertainty of numerous unresolved legal issues. As such, subsequent progress in negotiations and/or decisions by courts could increase or decrease this estimate. The above estimate relates only to potential settlements, and MasterCard cannot estimate the potential liability, if any, if the UK Merchant claimant litigations are litigated to a final decision. At this time, MasterCard is unable to estimate a probable loss for the matters, if any, and accordingly has not accrued for any loss.
ATM Non-Discrimination Rule Surcharge Complaints
In October 2011, a trade association of independent Automated Teller Machine (“ATM”) operators and 13 independent ATM operators filed a complaint styled as a class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against both MasterCard and Visa (the “ATM Operators Complaint”).  Plaintiffs seek to represent a class of non-bank operators of ATM terminals that operate ATM terminals in the United States with the discretion to determine the price of the ATM access fee for the terminals they operate. Plaintiffs allege that MasterCard and Visa have violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act by imposing rules that require ATM operators to charge non-discriminatory ATM surcharges for transactions processed over MasterCard’s and Visa’s respective networks that are not greater than the surcharge for transactions over other networks accepted at the same ATM.  Plaintiffs seek both injunctive and monetary relief equal to treble the damages they claim to have sustained as a result of the alleged violations and their costs of suit, including attorneys’ fees.  Plaintiffs have not quantified their damages although they allege that they expect damages to be in the tens of millions of dollars. 
Subsequently, multiple related complaints were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia alleging both federal antitrust and multiple state unfair competition, consumer protection and common law claims against MasterCard and Visa on behalf of putative classes of users of ATM services (the “ATM Consumer Complaints”).  The claims in these actions largely mirror the allegations made in the ATM Operators Complaint, although these complaints seek damages on behalf of consumers of ATM services who pay allegedly inflated ATM fees at both bank and non-bank ATM operators as a result of the defendants’ ATM rules.  Plaintiffs seek both injunctive and monetary relief equal to treble the damages they claim to have sustained as a result of the alleged violations and their costs of suit, including attorneys’ fees.  Plaintiffs have not quantified their damages although they allege that they expect damages to be in the tens of millions of dollars. 
In January 2012, the plaintiffs in the ATM Operators Complaint and the ATM Consumer Complaints filed amended class action complaints that largely mirror their prior complaints. In February 2013, the district court granted MasterCard’s motion to dismiss the complaints for failure to state a claim. On appeal, the Court of Appeals reversed the district court’s order in August 2015 and sent the case back for further proceedings. In March 2016, certain of the plaintiffs in the ATM Operators Complaint filed a motion seeking a preliminary injunction enjoining the enforcement of the nondiscrimination rules pending the outcome of the litigation.
U.S. Liability Shift Litigation
In March 2016, a proposed U.S. merchant class action complaint was filed in federal court in California alleging that EMVCo, MasterCard, Visa, American Express, Discover, China Union Pay and a number of issuing banks engaged in a conspiracy to shift fraud liability for card present transactions from issuing banks to merchants not yet in compliance with the standards for EMV chip cards in the United States (the “EMV Liability Shift”), in violation of the Sherman Act and California law.  Plaintiffs allege the damages would be the value of all chargebacks for which class members became liable as a result of the EMV Liability Shift on October 1, 2015. The plaintiffs seek against the parties treble damages, attorney’s fees and costs and an injunction against future violations of governing law.
v3.4.0.3
Settlement and Other Risk Management
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Settlement and Other Risk Management [Abstract]  
Settlement and Other Risk Management
Settlement and Other Risk Management
MasterCard’s rules guarantee the settlement of many of the MasterCard, Cirrus and Maestro branded transactions between its issuers and acquirers (“settlement risk”). Settlement exposure is the outstanding settlement risk to customers under MasterCard’s rules due to the difference in timing between the payment transaction date and subsequent settlement. While the term and amount of the guarantee are unlimited, the duration of settlement exposure is short term and typically limited to a few days. Gross settlement exposure is estimated using the average daily card volume during the quarter multiplied by the estimated number of days to settle. The Company has global risk management policies and procedures, which include risk standards, to provide a framework for managing the Company’s settlement risk. Customer-reported transaction data and the transaction clearing data underlying the settlement exposure calculation may be revised in subsequent reporting periods.
In the event that MasterCard effects a payment on behalf of a failed customer, MasterCard may seek an assignment of the underlying receivables of the failed customer. Customers may be charged for the amount of any settlement loss incurred during these ordinary course activities of the Company.
The Company’s global risk management policies and procedures are aimed at managing the settlement exposure. These risk management procedures include interaction with the bank regulators of countries in which it operates, requiring customers to make adjustments to settlement processes, and requiring collateral from customers. MasterCard requires certain customers that are not in compliance with the Company’s risk standards in effect at the time of review to post collateral, typically in the form of cash, letters of credit, or guarantees. This requirement is based on management’s review of the individual risk circumstances for each customer that is out of compliance. In addition to these amounts, MasterCard holds collateral to cover variability and future growth in customer programs. The Company may also hold collateral to pay merchants in the event of an acquirer failure. Although the Company is not contractually obligated under its rules to effect such payments to merchants, the Company may elect to do so to protect brand integrity. MasterCard monitors its credit risk portfolio on a regular basis and the adequacy of collateral on hand. Additionally, from time to time, the Company reviews its risk management methodology and standards. As such, the amounts of estimated settlement exposure are revised as necessary.
The Company’s estimated settlement exposure from MasterCard, Cirrus and Maestro branded transactions was as follows:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Gross settlement exposure
$
38,208

 
$
39,674

Collateral held for settlement exposure
(3,439
)
 
(3,601
)
Net uncollateralized settlement exposure
$
34,769

 
$
36,073


General economic and political conditions in countries in which MasterCard operates affect the Company’s settlement risk. Many of the Company’s financial institution customers have been directly and adversely impacted by political instability and uncertain economic conditions. These conditions present increased risk that the Company may have to perform under its settlement guarantee. This risk could increase if political, economic and financial market conditions deteriorate further. The Company’s global risk management policies and procedures are revised and enhanced from time to time. Historically, the Company has experienced a low level of losses from financial institution failures.
MasterCard also provides guarantees to customers and certain other counterparties indemnifying them from losses stemming from failures of third parties to perform duties. This includes guarantees of MasterCard-branded travelers cheques issued, but not yet cashed of $419 million and $420 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, of which $331 million and $332 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, is mitigated by collateral arrangements. In addition, the Company enters into business agreements in the ordinary course of business under which the Company agrees to indemnify third parties against damages, losses and expenses incurred in connection with legal and other proceedings arising from relationships or transactions with the Company. Certain indemnifications do not provide a stated maximum exposure. As the extent of the Company’s obligations under these agreements depends entirely upon the occurrence of future events, the Company’s potential future liability under these agreements is not determinable. Historically, payments made by the Company under these types of contractual arrangements have not been material.
v3.4.0.3
Foreign Exchange Risk Management
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Foreign Currency Derivatives [Abstract]  
Foreign Exchange Risk Management
Foreign Exchange Risk Management
The Company monitors and manages its exposures as part of its overall risk management program which focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on its operating results.  A principal objective of the Company’s risk management strategies is to reduce significant, unanticipated earnings fluctuations that may arise from volatility in foreign currency exchange rates principally through the use of derivative instruments.
Derivatives
The Company enters into foreign currency derivative contracts to manage risk associated with anticipated receipts and disbursements which are valued based on currencies other than its functional currency. The Company may also enter into foreign currency derivative contracts to offset possible changes in value due to foreign exchange fluctuations of earnings, assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the Company’s U.S. dollar reporting currency. The objective of these activities is to reduce the Company’s exposure to gains and losses resulting from fluctuations of foreign currencies against its functional currencies.
As of March 31, 2016, the majority of derivative contracts to hedge foreign currency fluctuations had been entered into with customers of MasterCard. MasterCard’s derivative contracts are summarized below:
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Notional
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
Notional
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Commitments to purchase foreign currency
$
240

 
$
10

 
$
232

 
$
1

Commitments to sell foreign currency
1,343

 
(46
)
 
1,430

 
12

Options to sell foreign currency
34

 

 
44

 
1

Balance sheet location:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable 1
 
 
$
18

 
 
 
$
23

Other current liabilities 1
 
 
(54
)
 
 
 
(9
)

1 The fair values of derivative contracts are presented on a gross basis on the balance sheet and are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, which contain various netting and setoff provisions.
The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income for the contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency is summarized below: 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Foreign currency derivative contracts
 
 
 
General and administrative
$
(44
)
 
$
33


The fair value of the foreign currency derivative contracts generally reflects the estimated amounts that the Company would receive (or pay), on a pre-tax basis, to terminate the contracts. The terms of the foreign currency derivative contracts are generally less than 18 months. The Company had no deferred gains or losses related to foreign exchange contracts in accumulated other comprehensive income as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, as these contracts were not accounted for under hedge accounting.
The Company’s derivative financial instruments are subject to both market and counterparty credit risk. Market risk is the risk of loss due to the potential change in an instrument’s value caused by fluctuations in interest rates and other variables related to currency exchange rates. The effect of a hypothetical 10% adverse change in foreign currency rates could result in a fair value loss of approximately $126 million on the Company’s foreign currency derivative contracts outstanding at March 31, 2016 related to the hedging program. Counterparty credit risk is the risk of loss due to failure of the counterparty to perform its obligations in accordance with contractual terms. To mitigate counterparty credit risk, the Company enters into derivative contracts with selected financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors. Generally, the Company does not obtain collateral related to derivatives because of the high credit ratings of the counterparties.
Net investment hedge
The Company uses foreign currency denominated debt to hedge a portion of its net investment in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates, with changes in the value of the debt recorded within currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company designated its €1.65 billion euro-denominated debt as a net investment hedge for a portion of its net investment in European foreign operations. As of March 31, 2016, the Company had a net foreign currency transaction pre-tax loss of $104 million in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) associated with hedging activity. There was no ineffectiveness in the current period.
v3.4.0.3
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Organization
Organization
MasterCard Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries, including MasterCard International Incorporated (“MasterCard International” and together with MasterCard Incorporated, “MasterCard” or the “Company”), is a technology company in the global payments industry that connects consumers, financial institutions, merchants, governments and businesses worldwide, enabling them to use electronic forms of payment instead of cash and checks. The Company facilitates the processing of payment transactions including authorization, clearing and settlement, and delivers related products and services. The Company makes payments easier and more efficient by creating a wide range of payment solutions and services through a family of well-known brands, including MasterCard®, Maestro® and Cirrus®. The Company also provides value-added offerings such as loyalty and reward programs, information services and consulting. The Company’s network is designed to ensure safety and security for the global payments system. A typical transaction on the Company’s network involves four participants in addition to the Company: cardholder, merchant, issuer (the cardholder’s financial institution) and acquirer (the merchant’s financial institution). The Company’s customers encompass a vast array of entities, including financial institutions and other entities that act as “issuers” and “acquirers”, as well as merchants, governments, telecommunication companies and other businesses. The Company does not issue cards, extend credit, determine or receive revenue from interest rates or other fees charged to cardholders by issuers, or establish the rates charged by acquirers in connection with merchants’ acceptance of the Company’s branded cards.
Consolidation and basis of presentation
Consolidation and basis of presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of MasterCard and its majority-owned and controlled entities, including any variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were no significant VIEs which required consolidation. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 presentation. In addition, the March 31, 2015 statement of cash flows was revised to correctly classify purchases of and proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale with no net impact to investing activities (both line items were revised by $432 million). The Company follows accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
The balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2015. The consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 and as of March 31, 2016 are unaudited, and in the opinion of management, include all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the results for interim periods. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and, consequently, do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP. Reference should be made to the MasterCard Incorporated Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 for additional disclosures, including a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies.
Non-controlling interest amounts are included in the consolidated statement of operations within other income (expense). For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 activity from non-controlling interests was insignificant.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent accounting pronouncements
Share-Based Payments - In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued accounting guidance related to share-based payments to employees. Under this guidance, companies will be required to recognize the income tax effects of awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled (i.e., additional paid-in-capital pools will be eliminated). In addition, the new guidance changes the limit that companies are allowed to withhold for employees without triggering liability classification and allows companies to make a policy election to either recognize forfeitures as they occur or estimate them. The new guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption is permitted. The required transition methods for each aspect of the new guidance varies between prospective, retrospective and modified retrospective. The Company is in the process of evaluating the potential effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and which method of adoption it will select.
Leases - In February 2016, the FASB issued accounting guidance that will change how companies account for and present lease arrangements. The guidance requires companies to recognize leased assets and liabilities for both capital and operating leases. The new guidance is effective for periods after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. Companies are required to adopt the guidance on a modified retrospective method. The Company is evaluating the potential effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
Debt Issuance Costs - In April 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance that changed the current presentation of debt issuance costs on the balance sheet. This new guidance moves debt issuance costs from the assets section of the balance sheet to the liabilities section as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt issued. The Company adopted the accounting guidance effective January 1, 2016. The Company applied the new guidance retrospectively and, as such, the December 31, 2015 balance sheet was adjusted to reflect the effects of the new standard. This retrospective adjustment resulted in reductions of prepaid expenses and other current assets, other assets and long-term debt by $1 million, $18 million and $19 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2016, $19 million of debt issuance costs were presented off-setting long-term debt.
Revenue Recognition - In May 2014, the FASB issued accounting guidance that provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition requirements. Under this guidance, an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued accounting guidance that delayed the effective date of this standard by one year, making the guidance effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company will adopt the new accounting guidance effective January 1, 2018. The accounting guidance permits either a full retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. The Company is in the process of evaluating the potential effects this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and which method of adoption it will select.
v3.4.0.3
Earnings Per Share (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share
The components of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) for common stock were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions, except per share data)
Numerator:
 
 
 
Net income
$
959

 
$
1,020

Denominator:
 
 
 
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
1,109

 
1,148

Dilutive stock options and stock units
3

 
4

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1
1,112

 
1,152

Earnings per Share:
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.86

 
$
0.89

Diluted
$
0.86

 
$
0.89



1 For the periods presented, the calculation of diluted EPS excluded a minimal amount of anti-dilutive share-based payment awards.
v3.4.0.3
Fair Value and Investment Securities (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Marketable Securities [Abstract]  
Distribution of Financial Instruments, Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The distribution of the Company’s financial instruments which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis within the Valuation Hierarchy was as follows:
 
March 31, 2016
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$

 
$
59

 
$

 
$
59

Government and agency securities 1
38

 
121

 

 
159

Corporate securities

 
913

 

 
913

Asset-backed securities

 
71

 

 
71

Other
2

 
(36
)
 

 
(34
)
Total
$
40

 
$
1,128

 
$

 
$
1,168

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$

 
$
62

 
$

 
$
62

Government and agency securities 1
31

 
64

 

 
95

Corporate securities

 
645

 

 
645

Asset-backed securities

 
57

 

 
57

Other
2

 
14

 

 
16

Total
$
33

 
$
842

 
$

 
$
875


1 Excludes amounts held in escrow related to the U.S. merchant class litigation settlement of $542 million and $541 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, which would be included in Level 1 of the Valuation Hierarchy. See Note 5 (Accrued Expenses and Accrued Litigation) and Note 10 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings) for further details.
Available-for-Sale Investment Securities, Unrealized Gains and Losses
The major classes of the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities, for which unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, and their respective amortized cost basis and fair values as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows:
 
 
March 31, 2016
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$
59

 
$

 
$

 
$
59

Government and agency securities
159

 

 

 
159

Corporate securities
910

 
3

 

 
913

Asset-backed securities
71

 

 

 
71

Other
2

 

 

 
2

Total
$
1,201

 
$
3

 
$

 
$
1,204

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gain
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Municipal securities
$
62

 
$

 
$

 
$
62

Government and agency securities
94

 
1

 

 
95

Corporate securities
646

 

 
(1
)
 
645

Asset-backed securities
57

 

 

 
57

Other
2

 

 

 
2

Total
$
861

 
$
1

 
$
(1
)
 
$
861


Maturity Distribution Based on Contractual Terms of Investment Securities
The maturity distribution based on the contractual terms of the Company’s investment securities at March 31, 2016 was as follows:
 
Available-For-Sale
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair Value
 
(in millions)
Due within 1 year
$
413

 
$
413

Due after 1 year through 5 years
780

 
782

Due after 5 years through 10 years
1

 
1

Due after 10 years
6

 
6

No contractual maturity 1
1

 
2

Total
$
1,201

 
$
1,204


1 Equity securities have been included in the No contractual maturity category, as these securities do not have stated maturity dates.
v3.4.0.3
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
$
411

 
$
345

Prepaid income taxes
43

 
72

Other
259

 
246

Total prepaid expenses and other current assets
$
713

 
$
663

Schedule of Other Assets, Noncurrent
Other assets consisted of the following:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
$
831

 
$
810

Nonmarketable equity investments
169

 
166

Prepaid income taxes
360

 
352

Income taxes receivable
150

 
160

Other
93

 
92

Total other assets
$
1,603

 
$
1,580

v3.4.0.3
Accrued Expenses and Accrued Litigation (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]  
Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Customer and merchant incentives
$
1,932

 
$
1,748

Personnel costs
239

 
473

Advertising
58

 
114

Income and other taxes
354

 
143

Other
293

 
285

Total accrued expenses
$
2,876

 
$
2,763

v3.4.0.3
Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Equity [Abstract]  
Schedule of share repurchases and authorizations
The following table summarizes the Company’s share repurchase authorizations of its Class A common stock through March 31, 2016, as well as historical purchases:
 
Authorization Dates
 
December 2015
 
December
2014
 
December
2013
 
Total
 
(in millions, except average price data)
Board authorization
$
4,000

 
$
3,750

 
$
3,500

 
$
11,250

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2015
$

 
$
672

 
$
275

 
$
947

Remaining authorization at December 31, 2015
$
4,000

 
$
507

 
$

 
$
4,507

Dollar value of shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2016
$
850

 
$
507

 
$

 
$
1,357

Remaining authorization at March 31, 2016
$
3,150

 
$

 
$

 
$
3,150

Shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2015

 
7.8

 
3.2

 
11.0

Average price paid per share during the three months ended March 31, 2015
$

 
$
87.17

 
$
84.31

 
$
86.32

Shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2016
9.7

 
5.7

 

 
15.4

Average price paid per share during the three months ended March 31, 2016
$
87.38

 
$
89.76

 
$

 
$
88.26

Cumulative shares repurchased through March 31, 2016
9.7

 
40.8

 
45.8

 
96.3

Cumulative average price paid per share
$
87.38

 
$
92.03

 
$
76.42

 
$
84.13

v3.4.0.3
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
 
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
 
Translation Adjustments on Net Investment Hedge
 
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans
 
Investment Securities Available-for-Sale
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
(in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2014
$
(230
)
 
$

 
$
(26
)
 
$
(4
)
 
$
(260
)
Current period other comprehensive income (loss) 1,2
(375
)
 

 
1

 
(5
)
 
(379
)
Balance at March 31, 2015
$
(605
)
 
$

 
$
(25
)
 
$
(9
)

$
(639
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
$
(663
)
 
$
(26
)
 
$
13

 
$

 
$
(676
)
Current period other comprehensive income (loss) 1,3
96

 
(42
)
 

 
2

 
56

Balance at March 31, 2016
$
(567
)
 
$
(68
)
 
$
13

 
$
2

 
$
(620
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1 For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, deferred costs related to the Company’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans were not significant and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to general and administrative expenses. Additionally, insignificant gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to investment income.
2 During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the increase in other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the devaluation of the euro.
3 During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the decrease in other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the appreciation of the euro.
v3.4.0.3
Share-Based Payments Awards Granted (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Aggregate Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Compensation Cost for Share-based Payment Arrangements, Allocation of Share-based Compensation Costs by Plan
During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company granted the following awards under the MasterCard Incorporated 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (“LTIP”). The LTIP is a shareholder-approved plan that permits the grant of various types of equity awards to employees.
 
Granted in 2016
 
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
 
(in millions)
 
 
Non-qualified stock options
1.7
 
$19
Restricted stock units
1.3
 
$88
Performance stock units
0.2
 
$92
v3.4.0.3
Settlement and Other Risk Management (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Settlement and Other Risk Management [Abstract]  
Estimated Settlement Exposure and Portion of Uncollateralized Settlement Exposure for MasterCard-Branded Transactions
The Company’s estimated settlement exposure from MasterCard, Cirrus and Maestro branded transactions was as follows:
 
March 31,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
 
(in millions)
Gross settlement exposure
$
38,208

 
$
39,674

Collateral held for settlement exposure
(3,439
)
 
(3,601
)
Net uncollateralized settlement exposure
$
34,769

 
$
36,073


v3.4.0.3
Foreign Exchange Risk Management (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Foreign Currency Derivatives [Abstract]  
Derivative contract summary
MasterCard’s derivative contracts are summarized below:
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Notional
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
Notional
 
Estimated Fair
Value
 
(in millions)
Commitments to purchase foreign currency
$
240

 
$
10

 
$
232

 
$
1

Commitments to sell foreign currency
1,343

 
(46
)
 
1,430

 
12

Options to sell foreign currency
34

 

 
44

 
1

Balance sheet location:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable 1
 
 
$
18

 
 
 
$
23

Other current liabilities 1
 
 
(54
)
 
 
 
(9
)

1 The fair values of derivative contracts are presented on a gross basis on the balance sheet and are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, which contain various netting and setoff provisions.
Gain (loss) recognized in income for the contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency summary
The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income for the contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency is summarized below: 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Foreign currency derivative contracts
 
 
 
General and administrative
$
(44
)
 
$
33


v3.4.0.3
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Accounting Policies [Abstract]      
Amount of purchases of and proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale revision $ 432    
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]      
Prepaid expenses and other current assets   $ 713 $ 663
Other assets   1,603 1,580
Long-term debt   3,333 3,268
Unamortized Debt Issuance Expense   $ 19  
Restatement Adjustment [Member] | Adjustments for New Accounting Pronouncement [Member]      
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]      
Prepaid expenses and other current assets     (1)
Other assets     (18)
Long-term debt     $ (19)
v3.4.0.3
Earnings Per Share Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Mar. 31, 2015
Numerator:    
Net income $ 959 $ 1,020
Denominator:    
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding 1,109 1,148
Dilutive stock options and stock units 3 4
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding [1] 1,112 1,152
Earnings per Share:    
Basic $ 0.86 $ 0.89
Diluted $ 0.86 $ 0.89
[1] For the periods presented, the calculation of diluted EPS excluded a minimal amount of anti-dilutive share-based payment awards.
v3.4.0.3
Fair Value and Investment Securities Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Financial Instruments, Financial Liabilities, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]    
Long-term Debt, Fair Value $ 3,600 $ 3,300
Long-term Debt, Carrying Value 3,333 3,268
Restricted cash for litigation settlement 542 541
Held-to-maturity Securities, Time Deposits $ 110 $ 130
v3.4.0.3
Fair Value and Investment Securities Distribution of Financial Instruments, Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis $ 1,168 $ 875
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 40 33
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 1,128 842
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 0 0
Municipal securities    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 59 62
Municipal securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 0 0
Municipal securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 59 62
Municipal securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 0 0
Government and agency securities [Member]    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis [1] 159 95
Government and agency securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis [1] 38 31
Government and agency securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis [1] 121 64
Government and agency securities [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis [1] 0 0
Corporate securities    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 913 645
Corporate securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 0 0
Corporate securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 913 645
Corporate securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 0 0
Asset-backed securities    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 71 57
Asset-backed securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 0 0
Asset-backed securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 71 57
Asset-backed securities | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 0 0
Other    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis (34) 16
Other | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis 2 2
Other | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis (36) 14
Other | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3    
Fair Value, Option, Quantitative Disclosures    
Fair Value, Measured on Recurring Basis $ 0 $ 0
[1] Excludes amounts held in escrow related to the U.S. merchant class litigation settlement of $542 million and $541 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, which would be included in Level 1 of the Valuation Hierarchy. See Note 5 (Accrued Expenses and Accrued Litigation) and Note 10 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings) for further details.
v3.4.0.3
Fair Value and Investment Securities Available-for-Sale Investment Securities, Unrealized Gains and Losses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Investment Identifier    
Amortized Cost $ 1,201 $ 861
Gross Unrealized Gain 3 1
Gross Unrealized Loss 0 (1)
Fair Value 1,204 861
Municipal securities    
Investment Identifier    
Amortized Cost 59 62
Gross Unrealized Gain 0 0
Gross Unrealized Loss 0 0
Fair Value 59 62
Government and agency securities [Member]    
Investment Identifier    
Amortized Cost 159 94
Gross Unrealized Gain 0 1
Gross Unrealized Loss 0 0
Fair Value 159 95
Corporate securities    
Investment Identifier    
Amortized Cost 910 646
Gross Unrealized Gain 3 0
Gross Unrealized Loss 0 (1)
Fair Value 913 645
Asset-backed securities    
Investment Identifier    
Amortized Cost 71 57
Gross Unrealized Gain 0 0
Gross Unrealized Loss 0 0
Fair Value 71 57
Other    
Investment Identifier    
Amortized Cost 2 2
Gross Unrealized Gain 0 0
Gross Unrealized Loss 0 0
Fair Value $ 2 $ 2
v3.4.0.3
Fair Value and Investment Securities Maturity Distribution Based on Contractual Terms of Investment Securities (Details)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Available-For-Sale Amortized Cost  
Due within 1 year $ 413
Due after 1 year through 5 years 780
Due after 5 years through 10 years 1
Due after 10 years 6
No contractual maturity 1 [1]
Total 1,201
Available-For-Sale Fair Value  
Due within 1 year 413
Due after 1 year through 5 years 782
Due after 5 years through 10 years 1
Due after 10 years 6
No contractual maturity 2 [1]
Total $ 1,204
[1] Equity securities have been included in the No contractual maturity category, as these securities do not have stated maturity dates.
v3.4.0.3
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets Schedule of Prepaid Expenses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]    
Customer and merchant incentives $ 411 $ 345
Prepaid income taxes 43 72
Other 259 246
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 713 $ 663
v3.4.0.3
Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets Schedule of Other Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]      
Customer and merchant incentives   $ 831 $ 810
Nonmarketable equity investments   169 166
Prepaid income taxes   360 352
Income taxes receivable   150 160
Other   93 92
Total other assets   $ 1,603 $ 1,580
Amortization of Other Deferred Charges 25 years    
v3.4.0.3
Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]    
Customer and merchant incentives $ 1,932 $ 1,748
Personnel costs 239 473
Advertising 58 114
Income and other taxes 354 143
Other 293 285
Total accrued expenses $ 2,876 $ 2,763
v3.4.0.3
Accrued Litigation Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]    
Provision related to U.S. merchant litigations $ 710 $ 709
v3.4.0.3
Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Class A Common Stock - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended 4 Months Ended 16 Months Ended 28 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Mar. 31, 2015
Mar. 31, 2016
Mar. 31, 2016
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Class of Stock            
Board authorization $ 11,250   $ 11,250 $ 11,250 $ 11,250  
Dollar value of shares repurchased during period 1,357 $ 947        
Remaining authorization $ 3,150   3,150 3,150 $ 3,150 $ 4,507
Average price paid per share $ 88.26 $ 86.32     $ 84.13  
Shares repurchased during period 15.4 11.0     96.3  
December 2013 Share Repurchase Plan            
Class of Stock            
Board authorization $ 3,500   3,500 3,500 $ 3,500  
Dollar value of shares repurchased during period 0 $ 275        
Remaining authorization $ 0   0 0 $ 0 0
Average price paid per share $ 0.00 $ 84.31     $ 76.42  
Shares repurchased during period 0.0 3.2     45.8  
December 2015 Share Repurchase Plan            
Class of Stock            
Board authorization $ 4,000   4,000 4,000 $ 4,000  
Dollar value of shares repurchased during period 850 $ 0        
Remaining authorization $ 3,150   $ 3,150 3,150 3,150 4,000
Average price paid per share $ 87.38 $ 0.00 $ 87.38      
Shares repurchased during period 9.7 0.0 9.7      
December 2014 Share Repurchase Plan            
Class of Stock            
Board authorization $ 3,750   $ 3,750 3,750 3,750  
Dollar value of shares repurchased during period 507 $ 672        
Remaining authorization $ 0   $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 507
Average price paid per share $ 89.76 $ 87.17   $ 92.03    
Shares repurchased during period 5.7 7.8   40.8    
v3.4.0.3
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Mar. 31, 2015
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]    
Beginning Balance, Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments $ (663) $ (230)
Beginning Balance, Translation Adjustments on Net Investment Hedge (26) 0
Beginning Balance, Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans 13 (26)
Beginning Balance, Investment Securities Available-for-Sale 0 (4)
Beginning Balance, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (676) (260)
Current period other comprehensive income (loss), Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments [2] 96 [1] (375) [3]
Current period other comprehensive income (loss), Translation Adjustments on Net Investment Hedge [2] (42) [1] 0 [3]
Current period other comprehensive income (loss), Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans [2] 0 [1] (1) [3]
Current period other comprehensive income (loss), Investment Securities Available-for-Sale [2] 2 [1] (5) [3]
Current period other comprehensive income (loss) [2] 56 [1] (379) [3]
Ending Balance, Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments (567) (605)
Ending Balance, Translation Adjustments on Net Investment Hedge (68) 0
Ending Balance, Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans 13 (25)
Ending Balance, Investment Securities Available-for-Sale 2 (9)
Ending Balance, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) $ (620) $ (639)
[1] During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the decrease in other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the appreciation of the euro.
[2] For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, deferred costs related to the Company’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans were not significant and reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to general and administrative expenses. Additionally, insignificant gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to investment income.
[3] During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the increase in other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the devaluation of the euro.
v3.4.0.3
Share-Based Payments Narrative (Details)
shares in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
$ / shares
shares
Share-Based Payments  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross | shares 1.7
Fair value of stock options, per share, estimated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model | $ / shares $ 19
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Term 5 years
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions, Expected Volatility Rate 23.30%
Non-qualified stock options  
Share-Based Payments  
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period 4 years
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement By Share-based Payment Award Options Term 10 years
Restricted stock units  
Share-Based Payments  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period | shares 1.3
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | $ / shares $ 88
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period 3 years
Performance stock units  
Share-Based Payments  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period | shares 0.2
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value | $ / shares $ 92
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period 3 years
v3.4.0.3
Income Taxes (Details)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Mar. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]    
Effective income tax rate 28.30% 23.90%
v3.4.0.3
Legal and Regulatory Proceedings (Details)
$ in Millions
1 Months Ended 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2015
USD ($)
Jan. 31, 2014
USD ($)
Feb. 28, 2011
Mar. 31, 2016
USD ($)
merchant
Dec. 31, 2013
USD ($)
Jun. 30, 2012
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2011
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2012
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Legal And Regulatory                  
Restricted cash for litigation settlement       $ 542         $ 541
Accrued litigation       710         $ 709
Event Involving Visa Parties, Member Banks and MasterCard                  
Legal And Regulatory                  
Percent of settlement MasterCard would pay     12.00%            
Event Involving Member Banks and MasterCard                  
Legal And Regulatory                  
Percent of settlement MasterCard would pay     36.00%            
Canadian Competition Bureau                  
Legal And Regulatory                  
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value       $ 5,000          
U.S. Merchant Lawsuit Settlement                  
Legal And Regulatory                  
Provision for litigation settlement           $ 20 $ 770    
Payments for legal settlements               $ 790  
U.S. Merchant Litigation - Class Litigation                  
Legal And Regulatory                  
Amount received from the qualified cash settlement fund   $ 164              
Payments for legal settlements               $ 726  
U.S. Merchant Litigation - Opt Out Merchants                  
Legal And Regulatory                  
Provision for litigation settlement         $ 95        
Minimum | U.S. Merchant Litigation - Class Litigation                  
Legal And Regulatory                  
Approximate percentage of merchants that opted out of settlement       25.00%          
Legal proceeding complaints from merchants that have opted out of settlement | merchant       30          
merchants that have filed or threatened to file litigation with respect to interchange rates in Europe [Domain]                  
Legal And Regulatory                  
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value       $ 300          
United Kingdom Cross-border Interchange and Domestic Interchange | Minimum                  
Legal And Regulatory                  
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value       1,000          
U.K. Merchant Lawsuit Settlement                  
Legal And Regulatory                  
Provision for litigation settlement $ 61                
U.K. Merchant Lawsuit Settlement | Minimum                  
Legal And Regulatory                  
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value       1,000          
Loss Contingency, Estimate of Possible Loss       $ 270          
v3.4.0.3
Settlement and Other Risk Management Estimated Settlement Exposure and Portion of Uncollateralized Settlement Exposure for MasterCard-Branded Transactions (Details) - Guarantee Obligations - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Risks Inherent in Servicing Assets and Servicing Liabilities    
Gross settlement exposure $ 38,208 $ 39,674
Collateral held for settlement exposure (3,439) (3,601)
Net uncollateralized settlement exposure $ 34,769 $ 36,073
v3.4.0.3
Settlement and Other Risk Management Narrative (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Settlement and Other Risk Management [Abstract]    
Travelers cheques outstanding, notional value $ 419 $ 420
Travelers cheques covered by collateral arrangements $ 331 $ 332
v3.4.0.3
Foreign Exchange Risk Management Classification of Outstanding Forward Contracts (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Accounts receivable    
Foreign Exchange Risk Management    
Forward contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency - Balance sheet location - Accounts receivable [1] $ 18 $ 23
Other current liabilities    
Foreign Exchange Risk Management    
Forward contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency - Balance sheet location - Other current liabilities [1] (54) (9)
Commitments to purchase foreign currency | Foreign Exchange Forward    
Foreign Exchange Risk Management    
Commitments to purchase/sell foreign currency, Notional 240 232
Commitments to purchase/sell foreign currency, Estimated Fair Value 10 1
Commitments/Options to sell foreign currency | Foreign Exchange Forward    
Foreign Exchange Risk Management    
Commitments to purchase/sell foreign currency, Notional 1,343 1,430
Commitments to purchase/sell foreign currency, Estimated Fair Value (46) 12
Commitments/Options to sell foreign currency | Foreign Exchange Option    
Foreign Exchange Risk Management    
Commitments to purchase/sell foreign currency, Notional 34 44
Commitments to purchase/sell foreign currency, Estimated Fair Value $ 0 $ 1
[1] The fair values of derivative contracts are presented on a gross basis on the balance sheet and are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, which contain various netting and setoff provisions.
v3.4.0.3
Foreign Exchange Risk Management (Details)
€ in Millions, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2015
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2015
EUR (€)
Foreign Exchange Risk Management      
Terms of the foreign currency forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts 18 months    
Translation adjustments on net investment hedge in AOCI associated with hedging activity $ 104    
Foreign currency derivative contracts      
Foreign Exchange Risk Management      
Approximate effect of 10% adverse change in foreign currency rates on fair value loss 126    
General and administrative | Foreign currency derivative contracts      
Foreign Exchange Risk Management      
Gain (loss) for contracts to purchase and sell foreign currency $ (44) $ 33  
Net Investment Hedging [Member]      
Foreign Exchange Risk Management      
Derivative Liability, Notional Amount | €     € 1,650
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